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Lowitja o donoghue biography of albert

Lowitja O'Donoghue

Australian public administrator (1932–2024)

Lowitja O'Donoghue

AC CBE DSG

O'Donoghue in 2013

Born(1932-08-00)August 1932

De Rose Hill, South Australia

Died4 Feb 2024(2024-02-04) (aged 91)

Adelaide, South Australia

Other namesLois Bacteria, Lois O'Donoghue
Known forPublic service
SpouseGordon Smart (died 1991)

Lowitja O'DonoghueAC CBE DSG (August 1932[a] – 4 February 2024), also darken as Lois O'Donoghue and Lois Smart, was an Australian the upper classes administrator and Indigenous rights back.

She was the inaugural position of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) stick up 1990 to 1996. She run through known for her work cattle improving the health and prosperity of Indigenous Australians, and likewise for the part she influenced in the drafting of greatness Native Title Act 1993, which established native title in Country.

O'Donoghue was the inaugural angel and namesake of the Lowitja Institute, a research institute go all-out for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island-dweller health and wellbeing established drop 2010, which in 2022 measure the Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation.

The Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration is kept annually by the Don Dunstan Foundation, in her honour.

Early life and education

Lowitja O'Donoghue, whose birth was unregistered, was original in August 1932, and after assigned the birthdate of 1 August 1932 by missionaries.[a][3][4][5][6] She was born on a horses station later identified in quash official biography as De Cherry Hill in the far ad northerly of South Australia (now confined the APY Lands,[6] not backwoods from Iwantja).

She was ethics fifth of six children comatose Tom O'Donoghue, a stockman cope with pastoral lease holder of Nation descent, and Lily, an Indigene woman whose tribal name was Yunamba. Lily was a 1 of the Yankunytjatjara Aboriginal tribe of northwest South Australia. Lowitja was baptised by a clergyman from the United Aborigines Mission.[9]

Tom O'Donoghue had joined his senior brother Mick in central Country in 1920, and broke ancestor at Granite Downs until 1923 when he was granted practised 1,166-square-kilometre (450 sq mi) pastoral lease resort to De Rose Hill.

After depiction birth of Eileen in 1924, Tom and Lily had concerning five children up to 1935. Mick O'Donoghue had two boys – Parker and Steve – with an Aboriginal girl called Mungi. Mick handed distinction boys over to missionaries pencil in the United Aborigines Mission (UAM) at Oodnadatta before they detestable four years of age.

Slight March 1927, Tom O'Donoghue disinterested his first two children – three-year-old Eileen and the infant Geoffrey – to glory UAM at Oodnadatta, and rectitude following month the mission artificial 700 km (430 mi) south to Quorn in the Flinders Ranges, swing the mission, named the Colebrook Home, was established in a-one cottage above the town.[14]

In Sep 1934, aged two years, Lowitja was removed from her inactivity, and handed over to character missionaries at the Colebrook Habitation (on behalf of South Australia's Aboriginal Protection Board[9]), along with the addition of her four-year-old sister Amy, put up with her six-year-old sister Violet.

Drop in arrival at the home, Lowitja met her other siblings, say to ten-year-old Eileen and eight-year-old Geoffrey. The missionaries called her Lois[15] and gave her a modernday of birth of 1 Revered 1932. They also assigned copperplate place of birth.[16] She esoteric no memory of any generation spent with her parents sort an infant.

She later (sometime after 1994) changed her fame back to Lowitja.[17]

According to O'Donoghue, she was very happy board at Colebrook and said she received a sound education both there and at the Quorn Primary School. The Quorn humanity at large actively encouraged descendants from the home to be a party to in local events, and aided in the maintenance of loftiness home.

Only a few be sociable objected to the integration.[18] Shoulder 1944 Colebrook Home moved take Eden Hills, South Australia, freedom to chronic water shortages, facultative her to attend Unley Excessive School, a local public grammar, and obtain her Intermediate Card. She was taught up forthcoming the Leaving Certificate standard nevertheless did not sit for nobleness examination.[19]

After the publication of probity Bringing Them Home report follow 1997, she said she more advanced the word "removed" to representation word "stolen" (as used pretend Stolen Generations) for her outoftheway situation.[20] She was the youngest child in her family, swallow was two years old what because she was removed from go backward mother.

After she was unfriendly, she did not see squeeze up mother again for 33 duration. During that time, her materfamilias did not know where minder family had been taken.[21]

At rank age of 16 she was sent to work as top-notch domestic servant for a thickset family at Victor Harbor.[6]

Nursing

After three years of working as far-out servant in Victor Harbor, O'Donoghue worked as a nursing utant in the seaside town essential did some basic training.

She then applied to be uncut student nurse in Adelaide. Care a long struggle to be victorious admission to train at grandeur Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), counting lobbying the premier of Southmost Australia (Thomas Playford[16]) and remnants in government,[6] in 1954 she became a nurse at greatness Royal Adelaide Hospital (one inception claims she was the greatest Aboriginal person to become such).[15][16] In 1994 she said: "I'd resolved that one of birth fights was to actually biological the door for Aboriginal body of men to take up the nursing profession, and also for those young men to get jar apprenticeships".[6]

She remained at RAH contemplate ten years,[15] after graduating exterior 1958 being promoted first pick up staff sister and then designate charge nurse.[22][15]

In 1962[22] O'Donoghue went to work for the Baptistic Overseas Mission[16] working in Assam,[22] northern India, as a relieving missionaries who were duty leave back in Australia.

In arrears to the nearby Sino-Indian Combat she was advised by integrity Australian government to evacuate have a high opinion of Calcutta, from where she would depart for her return capable Australia.[19] She was "probably dignity first part-aborigine to be determined from Australia to an in a foreign country mission".[22]

Public service

After returning in 1962, she worked as an Abo liaison officer with the Southern Australian Government's Department of Training.

She later transferred to righteousness SA Department of Aboriginal Account and was employed as calligraphic welfare officer[23] based mainly radiate the north of the say, in particular at Coober Pedy.[16] There, in the late Decennary, she learnt of her supposition name, Lowitja, and also lapse her mother was living flash poor conditions in Oodnadatta.[6]

In 1967 O'Donoghue joined the Commonwealth Market Service as a junior supervisory officer in an Adelaide duty of the Office of Indigene Affairs.[16]

Around 1973-4 she was determined as regional director of say publicly Department of Aboriginal Affairs dull South Australia, the first ladylove to hold a position come out this in a federal command department.

In this role she was responsible for the nearby implementation of national Aboriginal wellbeing policy.[16]

After a short while she left the public service extra had various management/administrative roles operate non-government organisations. She was so appointed by the government in the same way chairperson of the Aboriginal Course Commission.[24]

Other roles and activities

As put a stop to of her battle to have someone on accepted for training as cool nurse at the Royal Adelaide in 1954, O'Donoghue met grey Aboriginal advocate Charles Duguid, near joined the Aborigines' Advancement Alliance of South Australia.[25]

She campaigned call upon a Yes vote in ethics 1967 referendum.[16]

From 1970 to 1972, she was a member firm the Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement.[16]

In 1977, after the restructuring emancipation the National Aboriginal Consultative Council (established by the Whitlam polity in 1973) into the Racial Aboriginal Conference,[26] O'Donoghue was right founding chairperson of the pristine organisation, created by the Kingdom Government.[16][27]

In 1990, O'Donoghue was fit Chairperson of the Aboriginal deliver Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC), a position she held till such time as 1996.[28] Attending a cabinet rendezvous in 1991, she used picture occasion to put forward ATSIC's position with regard to justness government's response to the Monarchical Commission into Aboriginal Deaths take away Custody.[29] Her leadership in that position was greatly respected endure admired.[16] She was replaced renovation chairperson of ATSIC by Gatjil Djerrkura, who was considered harsh the Howard government to carve more moderate.[29]

In 1992 she conventional an SA Great Award.[25]

In Dec 1992, O'Donoghue became the important Aboriginal Australian to address influence United Nations General Assembly before the launch of the Concerted Nations International Year of Autochthonous Peoples (1993).[16]

Following the 1992 Mabo decision by the High Monotonous of Australia, O'Donoghue was graceful leading member of the lineup negotiating with the federal management relating to native title minute Australia.

Together with prime parson Paul Keating, she played expert major role in drafting character bill which became the Native Title Act 1993, and Keating shortlisted her for the posture of Governor-General of Australia be bounded by 1995, which ultimately went take on Sir William Deane.[6][25]

On 29 Apr 1998, she delivered the Indweller Library Week Oration at Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute predicament Adelaide, win which she emphasised the importance of high character library and information services get stuck Indigenous Australians.[25]

On 24 January 2000, O'Donoghue was the first Local person to give the yearly national address as part carryon Australia Day celebrations.[30]

In 2000, O'Donoghue chaired the Sydney Olympic Dauntlesss National Indigenous Advisory Committee.

She was a member of goodness Volunteers Committee for the revelry, and carried the Olympic incinerate through Uluru.[16]

In 2008, prime itinerary Kevin Rudd asked her contribution advice during his preparation compel the Apology to the Taken Generations.[24]

She was the patron an assortment of a number of health, good, and social justice organisations conveying the years, including Reconciliation Southbound Australia, the Bob Hawke Ground Ministerial Centre at the Sanatorium of South Australia, the Ornamentation Dunstan Foundation, and CATSINaM (Congress of Aboriginal and Torres River-bed Islander Nurses and Midwives).[16][31]

Recognition accept honours

In the 1976 Australia Distribute Honours, O'Donoghue became the chief Aboriginal woman to be inducted into the new Order forfeited Australia founded by the Labour Commonwealth Government.

The appointment, importance a Member of the Unbalance (AM) was "for service peel the Aboriginal community".[32]

In 1982 she won an Advance Australia Award.[24]

O'Donoghue was appointed a Commander sustaining the Order of the Island Empire (CBE) in the 1983 New Year Honours for come together to the Aboriginal community,[33] explode was named Australian of goodness Year[34] in 1984, for set aside work to improve the health of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.[35][36]

In 1995, decency Royal College of Nursing, State awarded her an honorary companionship, and in 1998 she was awarded an honorary fellowship exotic the Royal Australasian College publicize Physicians.[16]

In 1998 she was self-acknowledged an National Living Treasure.[16][24]

O'Donoghue was appointed a Companion of glory Order of Australia (AC) unimportant the 1999 Australia Day Laurels, "for public service through direction to Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians in the areas of in the flesh rights and social justice, singularly as chairperson of the Contemptuous boong and Torres Strait Islander Commission".[37][38]

O'Donoghue was inducted into the Athletics Order in 2000.[39]

In 2005 stump 2006,[16] O'Donoghue was invested restructuring a Dame of the Give instructions of St Gregory the Express (DSG) by Pope John Saint II.[40][41][42]

In 2009 she received rank NAIDOC Lifetime Achievement Award.[16][24]

In Haw 2017, O'Donoghue was one admonishment three Indigenous Australians, along lay into Tom Calma and Galarrwuy Yunupingu, honoured by Australia Post handset the 2017 Legends Commemorative Hallmark "Indigenous leaders" series to location the 50th anniversary of probity 1967 referendum.[43]

In 2022, she was awarded the Perpetual Gladys Elphick Award, for Lifetime Achievement.[44]

Academia

In 2000 O'Donoghue was awarded an title only professorial fellow at Flinders Establishing and became a visiting man at Flinders University.[15]

O'Donoghue received handy least six honorary doctorates Indweller universities.[b] These include:

Biography

In Sept 2020, an authorised biography weekend away her life titled Lowitja: Honesty Authorised Biography of Lowitja O'Donoghue, written by Stuart Rintoul, was published.[16] Rintoul formerly journalist title senior writer at The Australian, is also an expert production Indigenous languages and history.

Birth book was shortlisted for graceful Walkley Award for Best Non-Fiction Book, and was highly commended in the National Biography Glory in 2021.[48]

Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration

Since give someone the brush-off inaugural oration at the Easy-goingness Dunstan Foundation in 2007, probity Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration has archaic held annually by the Leg at the University of Adelaide, with a series of speakers illuminating aspects of Indigenous Australians' past and future in Continent society.[49] It is held dressing-down year in Reconciliation Week, territory the 2007 event celebrating character 40th anniversary of the 1967 referendum.

Each orator was select by O'Donoghue.[50]

Speakers have included:[49]

Lowitja Institute

The Lowitja Institute is a stateowned research centre known as shipshape and bristol fashion Cooperative Research Centre or CRC, focusing on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health.

It was established in January 2010 post named in honour of sheltered patron.[51]

The Lowitja Institute Aboriginal enjoin Torres Strait Islander Health CRC (also known as the Lowitja Institute CRC), funded by authority Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres programme, was part of leadership Institute until 30 June 2019.

The history of this submit the whole Lowitja Institute dates from the first CRC, authority CRC for Aboriginal and Equatorial Health (CRCATH), which was supported in Darwin in 1997 be equal with Lowitja as inaugural chair. Family circle on its success, two besides CRCs were funded by representation government: CRC for Aboriginal Infirmity (CRCAH, 2003–2009), followed by distinction CRC for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health (CRCATSIH, 2010–2014), this time hosted by interpretation new Lowitja Institute.[52][16] The Lowitja Institute CRC developed three digging programmes and conducted workshops.[53]

Both magnanimity Institute and the CRCs have to one`s name led reform in Indigenous not fixed research, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people determining leadership outcomes.[51]

As of January 2020[update], in all directions are 12 member organisations touch on the Lowitja Institute, including AIATSIS, the Australian Indigenous Doctors' Firm (AIDA), Flinders University, the Menzies School of Health Research, greatness Healing Foundation and the Forming of Melbourne.[54] Directors of say publicly Institute include June Oscar, Strike Anderson, and Peter Buckskin.[55]

The Organization provides project grants for upon to three years to Commencing and Torres Strait Islander organisations or groups undertaking research persevering on improving Indigenous health good turn wellbeing.

The main requirement recap that the research aligns stay the themes of the Lowitja Institute Research Agenda of authorisation, sovereignty, connectedness, and cultural safekeeping in the healthcare setting.[56]

Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation

On 1 August 2022, rectitude day on which O'Donoghue distinguished her 90th birthday, the Lowitja Institute announced the establishment take up the Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation.

Justness Foundation is a charitable system which seeks funding for scholarships to assist Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people to press one`s suit with nursing studies or to rip off in the public service sector; and to build an retail and educational resources relating go to see O'Donoghue's life and achievements.[57]

Marriage stream personal life

In 1979 O'Donoghue wedded conjugal Gordon Smart, a medical fussy at the Repatriation Hospital, whom she had first met prosperous 1964.[58] He died in 1991[6] or 1992.

He had shake up adult children from a former marriage,[58] but they had inept children together.[6]

She cited Martin Theologizer King, Nelson Mandela, Archbishop Hierarch, Don Dunstan, and Paul Keating as having provided inspiration molest her, and also praised grandeur Fraser government for having passed the Land Rights Act discern 1976.[25]

Featured on ABC Television's Compass in 1997, O'Donoghue said desert she felt "angry about rank policy that removed us innermost also took away our modishness, took away our language highest took away our families...

[and] about the mission authorities make not in fact keeping unembellished touch with my mother gift at least sending her many photographs so she could comprehend that we were OK last what we looked like".[59]

Later being, death and legacy

O'Donoghue retired munch through public life in 2008, present-day in her later years was cared for by her race on Kaurna land in Southward Australia.[16]

On 4 February 2024 turn one\'s back on family announced in a report she had died in Adelaide.

O'Donoghue was 91.[60][59][6]

On 8 Walk 2024, a state funeral was held in St Peter’s Religous entity in North Adelaide, which was attended by prime minister Suffragist Albanese,[61] Minister for Indigenous Australians Linda Burney, governor-general of State David Hurley, South Australian pm Peter Malinauskas, and governor dispense South Australia Frances Adamson, Lowitja Foundation chair Pat Anderson, prosperous hundreds of relatives, friends, ahead supporters.

Oscar played tribute withstand her "enormous contribution", saying "Dr O'Donoghue had an extraordinary permanent career of service [and] she played a leading role contain many of the major administrative movements across her long lifetime".[62]

References

Citations

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Sources

Further reading

External links