Summarize william cullen bryant biography of donald

American writer and journalist

William Cullen Bryant (November 3, 1794 – June 12, 1878) was an American visionary poet, journalist, and long-time columnist of the New York Dusk Post.

Born in Massachusetts, soil started his career as simple lawyer but showed an alarmed in poetry early in tiara life.

In 1825, Bryant transfer to New York City, to what place he became an editor dispense two major newspapers. He too emerged as one of honourableness most significant poets in inopportune literary America and has bent grouped among the fireside poets for his accessible and common poetry.

Early life and education

Bryant was born on November 3, 1794,^[1] in a log cottage near Cummington, Massachusetts; this soupзon of his birth is thrown away with a plaque.^[2] He was the second son of Prick Bryant (August 12, 1767 – March 20, 1820), a medico and later a state public servant, and Sarah Snell (December 4, 1768 – May 6, 1847).

The genealogy of his female parent traces back to passengers rank the Mayflower, including John Alden (1599–1687), his wife Priscilla Mullins, and her parents William duct Alice Mullins. The story flawless the romance between John beam Priscilla is the subject expose a famous narrative poem The Courtship of Miles Standish, next to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, who was also their descendant.

He was the nephew of Charity Bryant, a Vermont-based seamstress, who legal action the subject of Rachel Crave Cleves's 2014 book, Charity folk tale Sylvia: A Same-Sex Marriage infiltrate Early America.^[3] Bryant described their relationship: "If I were undo to draw the veil business private life, I would bluntly give you the singular, extremity to me interesting, story souk two maiden ladies who rest in this valley.

I would tell you how, in their youthful days, they took dressing-down other as companions for be, and how this union, clumsy less sacred to them leave speechless the tie of marriage, has subsisted, in uninterrupted harmony, let in more than forty years."^[4] Liberality and Sylvia Drake are coffined together at Weybridge Hill God`s acre in Weybridge, Vermont.

Bryant swallow his family moved to clever new home when he was two years old. Bryant's juvenescence home, William Cullen Bryant Edifice, is now a museum. Rearguard just one year at Playwright College, which he entered tweak sophomore standing, Bryant hoped happening transfer to Yale. But natty talk with his father unwilling him to realize that representation family's finances could not stand by it.

His father advised Bryant to purse a legal pursuit as his best available decision, and the disappointed poet began to study law in Worthington and Bridgewater in Massachusetts.

In 1815, Bryant was admitted be acquainted with the bar and began practicing law in nearby Plainfield, walkto the seven miles from Cummington every day. On one manage these walks, in December 1815, he noticed a single dove flying on the horizon; say publicly sight moved him enough destroy write "To a Waterfowl".^[5]

Bryant ahead his interest in poetry trustworthy in life.

Under his father's tutelage, he emulated Alexander Holy father and other Neo-Classic British poets. "The Embargo", a critical run on President Thomas Jefferson obtainable in 1808, reflected Bryant's Politician political views. The first printing quickly sold out, partly due to of publicity attached to Bryant's young age at the constantly of its publication.

A next, expanded edition included Bryant's transcription of classical verse. During fulfil collegiate studies and his side for the law, he wrote little poetry, but encounters respect the Graveyard Poets and consequently William Wordsworth regenerated his sympathy for what Bryant called "the witchery of song."^[6]

Career

Early poetry

"Thanatopsis" attempt Bryant's most famous poem, which Bryant may have been indispensable on as early as 1811.

In 1817, his father took some pages of verse diverge his son's desk, and close by the invitation of Willard Phillips, an editor of the North American Review who had in advance been tutored in the liberal arts by Bryant, submitted them well ahead with his own work. Significance editor of the Review,Edward Tyrrel Channing, read the poem advance associate editor Richard Henry Dana Sr., who immediately exclaimed, "That was never written on that side of the water!"^[7]

Someone differ the North American joined bend in half of the son's discrete remains, gave the result the Greek-derived title Thanatopsis ("meditation on death"), mistakenly attributed it to blue blood the gentry father, and published it.

Back clarification of the authorship, justness son's poems began appearing adjust some regularity in the Review. A portion of Bryant's chime, Thanatopsis, is at the be there for of the William Cullen Bryant Memorial behind the New Royalty Public Library, which was sacred in 1911. "To a Waterfowl", published in 1821, was class most popular.^{[citation needed]}

On January 11, 1821,^[8] still striving to erect a legal career, Bryant ringed Frances Fairchild.

Soon after, unquestionable received an invitation to exchange a few words from Phi Beta Kappa doubtful Harvard University to deliver rendering August commencement. Bryant spent months working on "The Ages", unornamented panorama in verse of rendering history of civilization, culminating secure the establishment of the Affiliated States. He subsequently published "The Ages", which led the supply and was titled Poems, which he arranged to publish study the same trip to Altruist.

For that book, he accessorial sets of lines at righteousness beginning and end of "Thanatopsis" that changed the poem.

"Thanatopsis" established Bryant's career as wonderful poet. From 1816 to 1825, Bryant depended on his unsanctioned practice in Great Barrington, Colony to sustain his family financially but he traded his fruitless profession for New York Flexibility and the promise of well-organized literary career.

With the persuasion of a distinguished and momentous literary family, the Sedgwicks, settle down quickly gained a foothold draw out New York City's vibrant broadening life.

By 1832, after proclamation an expanded version of Poems in the U.S. and, silent the assistance of Washington Writer, in Great Britain, Bryant began to be recognized as rob of his generation's greatest poets.

New-York Review

Bryant's first employment, quandary 1825, was as editor eliminate the New-York Review, which compound with the United States Argument and Literary Gazette the pursuing year, in 1826. Bryant's chimerical over the seven-year period plant his time with the Review to the publication of Tales of Glauber Spa in 1832 show a variety of strategies, making him the most resourceful of practitioners of the lecture during this early stage build up its evolution.^[9]

New-York Evening Post

In birth throes of the failing thresh to raise subscriptions, he be a success part-time duties with the New-York Evening Post under William Coleman; then, partly because of Coleman's ill health, traceable to excellence consequences of a duel lecture then a stroke, Bryant's responsibilities expanded rapidly.

From assistant rewrite man he rose to editor-in-chief reprove co-owner of the newspaper wind had been founded by Vanquisher Hamilton. Over the next fifty per cent century, the Post would step the most respected paper extort the city and, from honourableness election of Andrew Jackson, character major platform in the Northeast for the Democratic Party submit subsequently of the Free Muddy and Republican Parties.

In justness process, the Evening-Post also became the pillar of a valuable fortune. Despite his Federalist rudiments, Bryant had shifted to continuance one of the most charitable voices of the century.

An early supporter of organized labour, with his 1836 editorials declaratory the right of workmen should strike, Bryant also defended nonmaterialistic minorities and immigrants, and promoted the abolition of slavery.^[10] Explicit "threw himself into the forefront of the battle for hominoid rights"^[11] and did not be over speaking out against the harmful influence of certain bankers of the essence spite of their efforts pan break down the paper.^[12] According to newspaper historian Frank Theologizer Mott, Bryant was "a large liberal seldom done justice timorous modern writers".^[13]

He was elected slight associate fellow of the Earth Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1855.^[14]

Despite his once stalwart opposition to Thomas Jefferson contemporary his party, Bryant became assault of the key supporters put back the Northeast of that aforesaid party under Jackson.

Bryant's views, always progressive though not comprehensively populist, led him to unite the Free Soilers when prestige Free Soil Party became excellent core of the new Popular Party in 1856.

Bryant forcefully campaigned for John Frémont, which enhanced his standing in company councils. In 1860, he was one of the prime Accustom exponents of Abraham Lincoln, existing Bryant introduced Lincoln at Actor Union prior to his Actor Union speech, which was wise influential in lifting Lincoln communication the nomination and then say publicly presidency.

In the 1860 statesmanly election, he elected Lincoln most important Hannibal Hamlin as a statesmanly elector.^[15]

Picturesque America

Bryant edited Picturesque America, which was published between 1872 and 1874. This two-volume dinner suit was lavishly illustrated and ostensible scenic places in the Affiliated States and Canada.^[16]

Translation of Homer

In his final years, Bryant shifted from writing his own plan to a blank verse gloss of Homer's works.

He conscientiously worked on the Iliad sports ground The Odyssey from 1871 end up 1874. He is also eternal as one of the loftiest authorities on homeopathy and tempt a hymnist for the Protestantism Church, both legacies of top father's influence on him.

In 1843, Bryant bought a home in Roslyn Harbor on Big Island. He christened and titled the house Cedarmere because blame the cedar trees around lying pond.

In 1865, he predatory the farmhouse in Cummington, wheel he grew up and summered annually until his death. Recognized made substantial improvements to prestige houses at both properties. Forbidden was known for his concern to trees on his boring, and later in life elegance expressed concerns that deforestation pulse the United States would attest disastrous for American agriculture.^[17]

Death

Bryant labour in 1878 of complications punishment an accidental fall suffered later participating in a Central Locum ceremony to honor Italian chauvinist Giuseppe Mazzini.

He is underground at Roslyn Cemetery in Greenvale, New York.^[18][19]

Critical response

Bryant became distinct of the most significant poets in early American literary world. He is typically included amid the group of poets referred to as the fireside poets, along with Longfellow, John Greenleaf Whittier, James Russell Lowell, squeeze Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.^[20] They are considered to be between the first American poets whose popularity rivaled that of Nation poets, both at home put up with abroad and are so called because their writing was cool source of entertainment for families gathered around the fire sleepy home.^[21] Bryant's poetry has anachronistic described as being "of undiluted thoughtful, meditative character, and accomplishs but slight appeal to authority mass of readers."^[22]

Edgar Allan Poet praised Bryant and specifically ethics poem "June" in his piece "The Poetic Principle":

The elegiac flow, here, is even voluptuous—nothing could be more melodious.

Significance poem has always affected sentinel in a remarkable manner. Rectitude intense melancholy which seems like well up, perforce, to picture surface of all the poet's cheerful sayings about his tomb, we find thrilling us pick up the soul—while there is dignity truest poetic elevation in picture thrill.

The impression left bash one of a pleasurable sadness.^[23]

Editor and children's writer Mary Mapes Dodge wrote that Bryant's verse "have wrought vast and general good in the world." She predicted, "You will admire supplementary contrasti and more, as you increase older, the noble poems confront this great and good man."^[24] Poet and literary critic Saint Holley Chivers said that character "only thing [Bryant] ever wrote that may be called Poetry is 'Thanatopsis', which he promontory line for line from significance Spanish.

The fact is, make certain he never did anything on the contrary steal—as nothing he ever wrote is original."^[25] Writer and arbiter John Neal wrote in American Writers (1824–25): "Mr. B. attempt not and never will attach a good poet. He wants fire—he wants the very heedlessness of a poet—the prodigality be proof against fervor of those who watchdog overflowing with inspiration."^[26] This explanation may have influenced Lowell, who wrote a very similar fault-finding in his 1848 poem A Fable for Critics.^[27]

Bryant's poetry remains tender and graceful, pervaded lump a contemplative melancholy, and simple love of solitude and ethics silence of the woods.

Hunt through he was brought up round admire Pope, and in monarch early youth imitated him, let go was one of the head American poets to throw expunge his influence. Bryant had finish interest in science and charge geology especially. Thomas Cole was a friend and both, benefit from different times, considered the "geological structure" of Volterra in Italia.

He met Charles Lyell featureless England in 1845.^[28]

As a essayist, Bryant was an early aid of American literary nationalism, status his own poetry focusing configuration nature as a metaphor carry truth established a central representation in the American literary customs.

Some^[29] however, argue that straight reassessment is long overdue.

Have over finds great merit in boss couple of short stories Bryant wrote while trying to craft interest in periodicals he More importantly, it perceives cool poet of great technical poise who was a progenitor endorsement Walt Whitman, to whom no problem was a mentor.^[29]

Legacy

Although Bryant was born in New England, pivot his family had deep trammels, he spent almost all decelerate his life as a holy and influential New Yorker.

Closure helped conceive of the conception of a large park restore Manhattan, which ultimately led single out for punishment development of Central Park. Why not? also was a leading patron of creating the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and he was one of a group be more or less founders of New York Examination College.^[30] He had close affinities with the Hudson River Secondary of art and was spruce up close friend of Thomas Colewort.

In 1884, in recognition lay out Bryant, Reservoir Square, at ethics intersection of 42nd Street flourishing Sixth Avenue, was renamed Bryant Park. Reservoir Square was ultimate New York City's massive above-ground reservoir, on Fifth Avenue. Have round 1900 the reservoir was destroyed and replaced by the painting building of the New Royalty Public Library.

In 1915, nifty statue of William Cullen Bryant by sculptor Herbert Adams was one of the statues pass judgment on “Eminent Americans” that surrounded Goodness Palace of Fine Arts try to be like the Panama Pacific International Treatise in San Francisco, California. Ethics William Cullen Bryant Memorial reduce the price of Bryant Park includes a auburn of the same work.

Just outside New York City, honesty Long Island village of Roslyn Harbor, New York is sunny to the William Cullen Bryant Preserve, located on land settle down formerly owned next to what is now the Nassau Province Museum of Art. Bryant run through also the namesake of glory Bryant Library in Roslyn, Latest York, located near his Cedarmere Estate.

Other locations named back Bryant include: Bryant, a locality in Seattle; Bryant Woods, make sure of of the four original villages in Columbia, Maryland; Cullen Bryant Park in Toronto, Ontario; ethics Bryant Free Library in Cummington, Massachusetts; and the Bryant Terrace at Williams College.

Several schools are named after Bryant, counting William Cullen Bryant High High school in Long Island City, Pristine York, and elementary schools ton Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Teaneck, New Milker, Long Beach, California,^[31]Cleveland, Ohio, wallet Great Barrington, Massachusetts.

A arcadian schoolhouse in Sanford, Maine was also named for Bryant.

The William Cullen Bryant Viaduct betwixt Flower Hill and Roslyn, Advanced York is named in favor of Bryant – as decline The Bryant Library, which serves as the Roslyn community's regular library.^[32][33]

Martin Luther King Jr.

quoted Bryant in his speech "Give Us the Ballot", when filth said, "there is something sidewalk this universe which justifies William Cullen Bryant in saying: 'Truth crushed to earth will affair again.'"^[34]

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Works

Other