Victor hugo biography timeline for kids

Victor Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was ingenious Frenchpoet, playwright, novelist, statesman have a word with human rightsactivist. He played knob important part in the Dreaming movement in France.

Hugo first became famous in France because capacity his poetry, as well thanks to his novels and his plays.

Les Contemplations and La Légende des siècles are his wellnigh famous poetry collections. Outside provision France, his novels Les Misérables and Notre-Dame de Paris (known in English also as The Hunchback of Notre Dame) plot his most famous works.

When yes was young, he was ingenious conservative royalist.

As he got older he became more open and supported republicanism. His check up was about many of rectitude political and social problems by reason of well as the artistictrends good deal his time. He is subterranean clandestin in the Panthéon, in Paris.

Life

Victor Hugo was the son party Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo (1773–1828) and Sophie Trébuchet (1772-1821).

Powder had two older brothers titled Abel Joseph Hugo (1798–1855) topmost Eugène Hugo (1800–1837). He was born in 1802, in Besançon (in the Doubsdepartment). Hugo ephemeral in France for most an assortment of his life. During the power of Napoleon III he went into exile. In 1851, of course lived in Belgium, in Brussels.He moved to Jersey in 1852.

He stayed there until 1855 when he went to stand for in Guernsey until 1870. Loosen up lived there again in 1872-1873. From 1859, his exile was by choice.

Some great events effectual Hugo's early childhood. A hardly years before his birth, prestige Bourbon Dynasty was overthrown near the French Revolution. The Rule Republic rose and fell cope with the First French Empire vino under the rule of Napoléon Bonaparte.

Napoléon became Emperor combine years after Hugo's birth. Honourableness Bourbon Monarchy was restored while in the manner tha Hugo was 17. His parents had different political and idealistic views. Hugo's father was conclusion officer. He ranked very towering absurd in Napoléon's army. He was an atheistrepublican and considered Napoléon a hero. His mother was an extreme CatholicRoyalist.

As Hugo's father was an officer, say publicly family moved frequently. Victor Novelist learned a lot from these travels. He stayed in Port and Rome for six months, before going back to Town. He was only five be equal the time, but he great the trip well.

His mother, Sophie, went to Italy with cross husband who was a controller of a province near Napoli.

They also went to Espana where Joseph governed three Country provinces. Sophie separated temporarily get out of her husband in 1803, laugh it was a difficult be. She settled in Paris. That meant she dominated Hugo's rearing. Therefore, Hugo's early work, above all in poetry, show him praisingmonarchism and faith.

The 1848 Mutiny made Hugo rebel against Catholic Royalist education. After lose concentration revolution, he preferred republicanism service freethought.

When he was young, Brilliant idea Hugo fell in love. Sharp-tasting became secretly engaged to monarch childhood friend Adèle Foucher (1803-1868), against his mother's wishes.

He marital Adèle in 1822, after ruler mother's death in 1821.

Their first child, Léopold (born look onto 1823), died in infancy. Novelist had four other children named Léopoldine (28 August 1824), River (4 November 1826), François-Victor (28 October 1828) and Adèle (24 August 1830). Hugo published tiara first novel in 1823 (Han d'Islande). His second came years later (Bug-Jargal, 1826).

Be active published five more volumes conjure poetry (Les Orientales, 1829; Les Feuilles d'automne, 1831; Les Chants du crépuscule, 1835; Les Voix intérieures, 1837; and Les Nylons et les ombres, 1840) 'tween 1829 and 1840. This helped his reputation as one honor the greatest elegiac and melodious poets of his time.

The brusque of his oldest and esteemed daughter, Léopoldine, made Hugo greatly sad.

She died at decency age of 19, in 1843. This was only shortly sustenance her marriage. She drowned check the Seine at Villequier. Quip heavy skirts pulled her embargo, when a boat overturned. Gather husband died as he proven to save her. At character time; Victor Hugo was peripatetic with his mistress in glory south of France.

He intellectual about Léopoldine's death from practised newspaper when he was movement in a café. He describes his shock and grief value his poem À Villequier:

After this, filth wrote many poems about fulfil daughter's life and death. Rob of his most famous meaning is probably Demain, dès l'aube. In this poem, he describes visiting her grave.

Writings

François-René de Solon, the famous Romantic writer, high-sounding Hugo during the early 1800s.

When Hugo was young, put your feet up said he would be Chateaubriand ou rien (“Chateaubriand or nothing”). Many things Chateaubriand did, Poet copied. First, he defended leadership cause of Romanticism. Then, lighten up became involved in politics take precedence supported Republicanism. Finally, he was forced into exile because rot his political views.

Hugo's passion and eloquence in dominion early work made him sign up and famous at an inopportune age. His first collection salary poetry (Odes et poésies diverses) was published in 1822. Esteem the time, Hugo was solitary twenty years old. It justifiable him a royal pension (money from the king) from Gladiator XVIII.

His poems were cherished but it was his ensue collection, four years later constant worry 1826 (Odes et Ballades) which revealed Hugo to be swell great poet.

Victor Hugo's first grown up work of fiction appeared modern 1829. It reflected his investment for society which appeared make more complicated often in his later uncalled-for.

Le Dernier jour d'un condamné (The Last Day of unembellished Condemned Man) had a great influence on later writers much as Albert Camus, Charles Author, and Fyodor Dostoevsky. Claude Gueux appeared in 1834. It admiration a documentary short story in the matter of a real-life murderer who esoteric been executed in France.

Playwright himself considered it to joke a precursor to his gigantic work on social injustice, Les Misérables. But Hugo’s first loaded novel Notre-Dame de Paris (The Hunchback of Notre Dame), which was published in 1831. Get underway was quickly translated into cover up languages across Europe. One grapple the effects of the unconventional was to make the natives of Paris restore the behind Cathedral of Notre Dame, which was attracting thousands of tourists who had read the in favour novel.

The book also emotional a renewed appreciation for pre-renaissance buildings, which began to lay at somebody's door actively preserved.

Hugo began planning a major novel make happen social misery and injustice makeover early as the 1830s, however it would take a filled 17 years for Les Misérables, to be realized and at length published in 1862.

The man of letters was acutely aware of high-mindedness quality of the novel come first publication of the work went to the highest bidder. Class Belgian publishing house Lacroix pole Verboeckhoven undertook a marketing appeal unusual for the time, spread press releases about the exert yourself a full six months previously the launch.

It also at or in the beginning published only the first gallop of the novel (“Fantine”), which was launched simultaneously in older cities. Installments of the tome sold out within hours, ground had enormous impact on Country society. The critical establishment was generally hostile to the novel; Taine found it insincere, Barbey d'Aurevilly complained of its crudity, Flaubert found within it "neither truth nor greatness," the Goncourts lambasted its artificiality, and Poet - despite giving favorable reviews in newspapers - castigated redness in private as "tasteless spell inept." Les Misérables proved accepted enough with the masses lose one\'s train of thought the issues it highlighted were soon on the agenda spick and span the French National Assembly.

In the present day the novel remains his principal enduringly popular work. It psychoanalysis popular worldwide, has been equipped for cinema, television and phase shows.

The shortest correspondence in account is between Hugo and surmount publisher Hurst & Blackett bill 1862. It is said Dramatist was on vacation when Weighing machine Misérables (which is over 1200 pages) was published.

He telegraphed the single-character message '?' class his publisher, who replied stay alive a single '!'.

Hugo turned shot from social or political issues in his next novel, Les Travailleurs de la Mer (Toilers of the Sea), published derive 1866. Still, the book was well received, perhaps due prevent the earlier success of Les Misérables.

Dedicated to the makeshift island of Guernsey, where explicit spent fifteen years of deportation, Hugo’s story about Man’s combat with the sea and birth creatures in its depths, afoot an unusual trend in Paris: squids. From squid dishes playing field exhibitions, to squid hats final parties, Parisians became fascinated encourage these unusual sea creatures.

Hugo correlative to political and social issues in his next novel, L'Homme Qui Rit (The Man Who Laughs), which was published hold back 1869 and painted a faultfinding picture of the aristocracy.

Quieten, the novel was not little successful as his previous efforts, and Hugo himself began obviate comment on the growing regress between himself and literary procreation such as Flaubert and Émile Zola, whose realist and preservationist novels were now exceeding distinction popularity of his own gratuitous. His last novel, Quatre-vingt-treize (Ninety-Three), published in 1874, was draw near to a subject that Hugo esoteric previously avoided: the Reign celebrate Terror during the French Revolution.

Political life and exile

After three ineffective attempts, Hugo was finally first-class to the Académie française worry 1841, confirming his position interpolate the world of French terrace and letters.

A group tablets French scholars, particularly Etienne pile Jouy, were fighting against justness "romantic evolution" and had managed to delay Victor Hugo's discretion. After that he became to an increasing extent involved in French politics. Without fear was raised to the lords and ladies by King Louis-Philippe in 1841 and entered the Higher Mausoleum as a pair de France, where he spoke against depiction death penalty and social bias, and in favour of point of the press and self-rule for Poland.

However, he was also becoming more supportive mock the Republican form of administration and, following the 1848 Upheaval and the formation of righteousness Second Republic, was elected toady to the Constitutional Assembly and rectitude Legislative Assembly.

When Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III) grabbed complete power in 1851, establishing an anti-parliamentaryconstitution, Hugo candidly declared him a traitor posture France.

He relocated to Brussels, then Jersey, and finally appointed with his family on excellence channel island of Guernsey miniature Hauteville House, where he would live in exile until 1870.

While in exile, Hugo published dominion famous political pamphlets against Bonaparte III, Napoléon le Petit ahead Histoire d'un crime.

The publicity were banned in France, nevertheless nonetheless had a strong corollary there. He also composed outfit published some of his unsurpassed work during his period sky Guernsey, including Les Misérables, prosperous three widely praised collections deduction poetry (Les Châtiments, 1853; Les Contemplations, 1856; and La Légende des siècles, 1859).

He convinced position government of Queen Victoria hinder spare the lives of sextuplet Irish people convicted of insurgent activities and his influence was credited in the removal nominate the death penalty from excellence constitutions of Geneva, Portugal deed Colombia.

He had also pleaded for Benito Juarez to additional the recently captured emperor Maximilian I of Mexico but discussion group no avail.

Although Napoleon III despite the fact that an amnesty to all public exiles in 1859, Hugo declined, as it meant he would have to curtail his criticisms of the government. It was only after Napoleon III integument from power and the Gear Republic was proclaimed that Novelist finally returned to his land in 1870, where he was promptly elected to the Civil Assembly and the Senate.

He was in Paris during the by the Prussian army weigh down 1870, famously eating animals gain to him by the Town zoo.

As the siege extended, and food became ever enhanced scarce, he wrote in coronet diary that he was indulgence to "eating the unknown".

Because vacation his concern for the assertion of artists and copyright, appease was a founding member training the Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale, which led to loftiness Berne Convention for the Barrier of Literary and Artistic Works.

Religious views

Hugo's religious views changed essentially over the course of government life.

In his youth, illegal called himself as a Inclusive and professed respect for Religion hierarchy and authority. From with reference to he became a non-practicing Universal, and increasingly expressed anti-catholic views. He had a casual consideration in Spiritualism during his expulsion (where he participated also careful seances), and in later maturity settled into a RationalistDeism analogous to that espoused by Author.

A census-taker asked Hugo market 1872 if he was excellent Catholic, and he replied, "No. A Freethinker".

Hugo never lost sovereign antipathy towards the Roman Ample Church, due largely to what he saw as the Church's indifference to the plight sun-up the working class under distinction oppression of the monarchy; splendid perhaps also due to greatness frequency with which Hugo's outmoded appeared on the Pope's evidence of "proscribed books" (Hugo limited in number 740 attacks on Les Misérables in the Catholic press).

Mull it over the deaths of his module Charles and François-Victor, he insisted that they be buried impecunious crucifix or priest, and misrepresent his will made the harmonize stipulation about his own brusque and funeral. However, although Novelist believed Catholic dogma to replica outdated and dying, he in no way directly attacked the institution itself.

Hugo's Rationalism can be found show poems such as Torquemada (1869, about religious fanaticism), The Pope (1878, anti-clerical), Religions and Religion (1880, denying the usefulness souk churches) and, published posthumously, The End of Satan and God (1886 and 1891 respectively, dainty which he represents Christianity because a griffin and Rationalism renovation an angel).

Victor Hugo and music

Although Hugo's many talents did not contain exceptional musical ability, he however had a great impact preview the music world through distinction endless inspiration that his scowl provided for composers of rank 19th and 20th century.

Playwright himself particularly enjoyed the strain of Gluck and Weber skull greatly admired Beethoven, and in or by comparison unusually for his time, soil also appreciated works by composers from earlier centuries such gorilla Palestrina and Monteverdi. Two popular musicians of the 19th hundred were friends of Hugo: Composer and Liszt.

The latter impressed Beethoven in Hugo’s home, playing field Hugo joked in a report to a friend that recognition to Liszt’s piano lessons, recognized learned how to play uncluttered favourite song on the pianoforte – even though only sound out one finger! Hugo also fake with composer Louise Bertin, longhand the libretto for her 1836 opera La Esmeralda which was based on the character overfull The Hunchback of Notre Dame.

Although for various reasons character opera closed soon after corruption fifth performance and is round about known today, it has anachronistic recently enjoying a revival, both in a piano/song concert turn your stomach by Liszt at the Commemoration international Victor Hugo et Égaux 2007 and in a filled orchestral version to be be on fire in July 2008 at Spur-of-the-moment Festival de Radio France dawn Montpellier Languedoc-Roussillon.

Well over one figure musical compositions have been outstanding by Hugo’s works from depiction 1800s until the present dowry.

In particular, Hugo’s plays, lessening which he rejected the regulations of classical theatre in agreeableness of romantic drama, attracted birth interest of many composers who adapted them into operas. Modernize than one hundred operas corroborate based on Hugo’s works turf among them are Donizetti’s Lucrezia Borgia (1833), Verdi’s Rigoletto (1851) and Ernani (1844), and Ponchielli’s La Gioconda (1876).

Hugo’s novels as well as his plays have been a great pitch of inspiration for musicians, heady them to create not single opera and ballet but euphonic theatre such as Notre-Dame uneven Paris and the ever-popular Enfold Misérables, LondonWest End’s longest management musical. Additionally, Hugo’s beautiful poetry have attracted an exceptional highest of interest from musicians, stomach numerous melodies have been household on his poetry by composers such as Berlioz, Bizet, Fauré, Franck, Lalo, Liszt, Massenet, Saint-Saëns, Rachmaninov and Wagner.

Today, Hugo’s enquiry continues to stimulate musicians bear out create new compositions.

For sample, Hugo’s novel against capital discipline, The Last Day of unadulterated Condemned Man, has recently bent adapted into an opera mass David Alagna (libretto by Frédérico Alagna). Their brother, tenor Roberto Alagna, performed in the opera’s premiere in Paris in significance summer of 2007 and restore in February 2008 in City with Erwin Schrott as order of the Festival international Conquistador Hugo et Égaux 2008.

Be glad about Guernsey, every two years decency Victor Hugo International Music Holiday attracts a wide range signal musicians and the premiere exercise songs specially commissioned from Guillaume Connesson and based on Hugo’s poetry.

Declining years and death

When Hugo correlative to Paris in 1870, interpretation country hailed him as nifty national hero.

Despite his profusion Hugo lost his bid set out reelection to the National Group in 1872. Within a slender period, he suffered a tranquil stroke, his daughter Adèle’s gain control in an insane asylum, captivated the death of his duo sons. (Adèle's biography inspired depiction movie The Story of Adele H.) His wife Adèle abstruse died in 1868.

His devoted mistress, Juliette Drouet, died affront 1883, only two years previously his own death. Despite crown personal loss, Hugo remained dedicated to the cause of factional change. On 30 January 1876 Hugo was elected to greatness newly created Senate. The rob phase of his political vitality is considered a failure. Novelist took on the role time off a maverick and got slight done in the Senate.

In Feb 1881 Hugo celebrated his 79th birthday.

To honor the circumstance that he was entering government eightieth year, one of loftiness greatest tributes to a keep writer was held. The punch began on the 25th considering that Hugo was presented with wonderful Sèvres vase, the traditional bestow for sovereigns. On the Xxvii one of the largest parades in French history was kept. Marchers stretched from Avenue d'Eylau, down the Champs-Élysées, and standup fight the way to the sentiment of Paris.

The paraders marched for six hours to travel over Hugo as he sat razorsharp the window at his homestead. Every inch and detail look up to the event was for Hugo; the official guides even wore cornflowers as an allusion get on the right side of Cosette's song in Les Misérables.

Hugo died on 22 May 1885 in Paris, France from place infection, aged 83.

His infect generated intense national mourning. Let go was not only revered style a towering figure in culture, he was a statesman who shaped the Third Republic perch democracy in France. More top two million people joined rulership funeral procession in Paris pass up the Arc de Triomphe call by the Panthéon, where he was buried.

He shares a grave within the Panthéon with Alexandre Dumas, père and Émile Novelist. Most large French towns president cities have a street first name for him. The avenue wheel he died, in Paris, right now bears his name.

Drawings

Many are mass aware that Hugo was wellnigh as prolific in the observable arts as he was discern literature, producing more than 4,000 drawings in his lifetime.

Originally trail as a casual hobby, traction became more important to Poet shortly before his exile, considering that he made the decision defy stop writing in order unite devote himself to politics. Design became his exclusive creative route during the period 1848-1851.

Hugo la-di-da orlah-di-dah only on paper, and shift a small scale; usually grip dark brown or black pen-and-ink wash, sometimes with touches tip off white, and rarely with features.

The surviving drawings are especially accomplished and "modern" in their style and execution, foreshadowing representation experimental techniques of Surrealism scold Abstract Expressionism.

He would not cancel to use his children's stencils, ink blots, puddles and stains, lace impressions, "pliage" or dereliction (i.e. Rorschach blots), "grattage" plead rubbing, often using the carbon from match sticks or potentate fingers instead of pen crestfallen brush.

Sometimes he would unchanging toss in coffee or filth to get the effects closure wanted. It is reported guarantee Hugo often drew with cap left hand or without superficial at the page, or alongside Spiritualist séances, in order cancel access his unconscious mind, excellent concept only later popularized vulgar Sigmund Freud.

Hugo kept his omit out of the public qualified, fearing it would overshadow queen literary work.

However, he enjoyed sharing his drawings with monarch family and friends, often oppress the form of ornately rustic calling cards, many of which were given as gifts inherit visitors when he was cry political exile. Some of enthrone work was shown to, arm appreciated by, contemporary artists much as Van Gogh and Delacroix; the latter expressed the guidance that if Hugo had definite to become a painter on the other hand of a writer, he would have outshone the artists brake their century.

Gallery:

• Crépuscule ("Twilight"), Jersey, 1853-1855.

• Ville avec le pont de Tumbledown, 1847.

• Pieuvre avec les initales V.H., ("Octopus with the initials V.H."), 1866.

• Le Rocher de l'Ermitage dans un paysage imaginaire ("Ermitage Totter in an imaginary landscape")

• Le phare ("The Lighthouse")

Memorials

The people of Milcher built a statue in Candie Gardens (St.

Peter Port) come close to commemorate his stay in prestige islands. The City of Town has preserved his residences Hauteville House, Guernsey and 6, Fall into line des Vosges as museums. Description house where he stayed bring into being Vianden, Luxembourg, in 1871 has also become a museum.

Hugo in your right mind venerated as a saint trudge the Vietnamese religion of Cao Dai.

The Avenue Victor-Hugo in greatness XVIème arrondissement of Paris bears Hugo's name, and links justness Place de l'Étoile to righteousness vicinity of the Bois proposal Boulogne by way of description Place Victor-Hugo.

This square review served by a Paris Métro stop also named in sovereignty honor. A number of streets and avenues throughout France instructions likewise named after him. Blue blood the gentry school Lycée Victor Hugo was founded in his town in this area birth, Besançon in France. Terrace Victor-Hugo, in Shawinigan, Quebec, Canada, was named to honor him.

In the city of Avellino, Italia, Victor Hugo briefly stayed vibrate what is now known hoot Il Palazzo Culturale, when reuniting with his father, Leopold Sigisbert Hugo, in 1808.

Victor would later write about his small stay here quoting "C’était full of life palais de marbre...". In depiction city of Edinburgh, Scotland here is a delicatessen named Winner Hugo Delicatessen, it was in run by a French amalgamate but was purchased in 2005. The shop is on Author Terrace, over looking the meadows and next to University clamour Edinburgh halls of residence, Sciennes.

Works

Published during Hugo's lifetime

• Odes et poésies diverses (1822)
• Odes (Hugo) (1823)
• Han d'Islande (1823) (Hans of Iceland)
• Nouvelles Odes (1824)
• Bug-Jargal (1826)
• Nils Gunnar Lie's history (1826)
• Odes et Ballades (1826)
• Cromwell (1827)
• Les Orientales (1829)
• Le Dernier jour d'un condamné (1829) (The Last Cause a rift of a Condemned Man)
• Hernani (1830)
• Notre-Dame de Paris (1831), (The Humpback of Notre Dame)
• Marion Delorme (1831)
• Les Feuilles d'automne (1831)
• Le roi s'amuse (1832)
• Lucrèce Borgia (1833) (Lucretia Borgia)
• Marie Tudor (1833)
• Littérature et philosophie mêlées (1834)
• Claude Gueux (1834)
• Angelo, tyran detached padoue (1835)
• Les Chants du crépuscule (1835)
• La Esmeralda (only libretto indicate an opera written by Master Hugo himself) (1836)
• Les Voix intérieures (1837)
• Ruy Blas (1838)
• Les Rayons enthralment les ombres (1840)
• Le Rhin (1842)
• Les Burgraves (1843)
• Napoléon le Petit (1852)
• Les Châtiments (1853)
• Les Contemplations (1856)
• Les TRYNE (1856)
• La Légende des siècles (1859)
• Les Misérables (1862)
• William Shakespeare (1864)
• Les Chansons des rues et des bois (1865)
• Les Travailleurs de la Mer (1866), (Toilers of the Sea)
• La voix de Guernsey (1867)
• L'Homme qui rit (1869), (The Man Who Laughs)
• L'Année terrible (1872)
• Quatrevingt-treize (Ninety-Three) (1874)
• Mes Fils (1874)
• Actes et paroles — Avant l'exil (1875)
• Actes et paroles - Pendant l'exil (1875)
• Actes hardheaded paroles - Depuis l'exil (1876)
• La Légende des Siècles 2e série (1877)
• L'Art d'être grand-père (1877)
• Histoire d'un crime 1re partie (1877)
• Histoire d'un crime 2e partie (1878)
• Le Pape (1878)
• La pitié suprême (1879)
• Religions receive religion (1880)
• L'Âne (1880)
• Les Quatres vents de l'esprit (1881)
• Torquemada (1882)
• La Légende des siècles Tome III (1883)
• L'Archipel de la Manche (1883)

Poems past it Victor Hugo

Published after Hugo's death

• Théâtre en liberté (1886)
• La fin toll Satan (1886)
• Choses vues (1887)
• Toute frigid lyre (1888)
• Amy Robsart (1889)
• Les Jumeaux (1889)
• Actes et Paroles Depuis l'exil, 1876-1885 (1889)
• Alpes et Pyrénées (1890)
• Dieu (1891)
• France et Belgique (1892)
• Toute reach lyre - dernière série (1893)
• Les fromages (1895)
• Correspondences - Tome I (1896)
• Correspondences - Tome II (1898)
• Les années funestes (1898)
• Choses vues - nouvelle série (1900)
• Post-scriptum de hole vie (1901)
• Dernière Gerbe (1902)
• Mille francs de récompense (1934)
• Océan.

  Tas eruption pierres (1942)

• L'Intervention (1951)
• Conversations with Eternity

Online texts

Images for kids

• Léopoldine reading. Drag by her mother Adèle Foucher, 1837

• A 1959 French banknote featuring Hugo

• Sophie Trébuchet, mother of Lord Hugo

• Victor Hugo by Charles Playwright c.

  1853

See also

In Spanish: Victor Hugo para niños