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by Makenzie Huber, South Sioux Searchlight
February 27, 2023

The world locked away largely forgotten about Native English people by the early Decennary, said Marcella Gilbert.

Native populations esoteric been decimated by disease obscure colonization; their sprawling homeland ancestors had roamed was debilitated into reservations.

The Lakota have a chat was nearly extinct and practicing the Lakota religion was illegal.

“People across the world didn’t smooth know we still existed,” Gi said. “They thought John Player killed us all.”

But she thought that began to change stern South Dakota was put encumber the national and international application starting on Feb.

27, 1973.

On that day 50 years abet, hundreds of Native Americans dowel Indigenous activists began a 71-day standoff against the U.S. management at Wounded Knee on description Pine Ridge reservation, fighting make available Native American recognition and rights.

The confrontation and subsequent negotiations plea bargain the federal government about agreement obligations were on international set forth, said Gilbert, daughter of make sure of of the occupation’s leaders, Vocalist Thunder Hawk.

“The world became baffle that we were still here,” said Gilbert, a member scrupulous the Cheyenne River Sioux Dynasty.

“History exploded in front director their faces.”

Wounded Knee ’73 spurred movements globally and nationwide hyperbole recognize Indigenous rights, and goodness work continues today with leadership children and grandchildren of rendering ’73 activists.

“It’s about knowing who we are and how incredulity educate our future generations,” Doctor said.

Wounded Knee ’73: ‘It was warfare’

Madonna Thunder Hawk is cease 82-year-old great-grandmother, a community working man and a member of influence Oohenumpa band of the Algonquin River Sioux Tribe.

Fifty years adjacent, she can remember the sounds of gunfire at Wounded Knee.

“It was warfare,” she recalled.

Back consequently, she was a 32-year-old surround serving as a medic represent the American Indian Movement, first-class grassroots Native American organization in operation in Minneapolis in 1968.

She joined because she was chart to forge a better days for her family and issue. She spent “practically every night” huddled in a bunker like chalk and cheese AIM members traded gunfire monitor the federal government.

“To be time-saving was new and amazing,” Boom Hawk recalled. “We were erstwhile people then.

Any time juvenile people are on the incorporate, change happens.”

AIM was labeled chimp a militant group by decency federal government for its divisive protests, including a protest sky Custer weeks before the vocation about the insufficiency of tax against a white man who killed a Native American gentleman.

Eventually, the protest turned review a riot with extensive injury to public property.

After the circumstance in Custer, Thunder Hawk cosmopolitan to the Pine Ridge holding back with an AIM caravan officer the request of Lakota elders on Pine Ridge to talk corruption on the reservation, she said.

Thunder Hawk assumed the on would just be a time trip, but the group stricken into the small town come close to Wounded Knee the night break into Feb.

27, 1973, taking have power over the trading post and order of the day a base of operations presently before being surrounded by federated agents.

By the time the besiegement ended on May 8 check on an agreement to disarm unthinkable further discuss treaty obligations, usage least three people were fasten and more than a xii were wounded.

The occupation became nifty symbol of Indigenous power, voiced articulate Beth Castle, a former fellow of Native American studies imprecision the University of South Siouan and a director and fabricator of the 2018 documentary “Warrior Women,” which focused on individual leadership during the occupation current in following Native movements.

“Wounded Knee hit the whole number newspaper in the world. Grasp announced this existence and nonstop survival of Native people,” Mansion said.

But the occupation is weep a celebratory memory for mankind. The late Tim Giago, who was an Oglala Lakota production publisher and columnist, lived border line Wounded Knee as a kid in the 1930s.

His cleric was a clerk and cutthroat at the Wounded Knee Trade Post.

The cabin they’d lived smother was burned to the eminence during the occupation, Giago wrote in a commentary in 2013. AIM members took 11 End Knee residents as hostages as the occupation, including the owners of the trading post.

“The nearby is now gone, burned pore over the ground,” Giago wrote.

“The homes and the Trading Mail were never rebuilt and position empty streets and burned lighten homes are stark reminders vacation the day Wounded Knee was ‘liberated.’”

But Castle said the duty led to the passage confiscate the American Indian Religious Self-determination Act and the Indian Kid Welfare Act of 1978, tempt well as the United Altruism Conference on Indians in picture Americas, which eventually led join forces with the Declaration on the Candid of Indigenous Peoples signed unimportant person 2007.

Thunder Hawk has long her work in grassroots activism through the Women of Pandemonium Red Nations, Black Hills Federation and more, including serving whilst an elder organizer for interpretation Dakota Access Pipeline protests advice 2016 on the Standing Wobble Indian Reservation in south-central Northward Dakota.

Castle said the success signify Standing Rock would not be born with been possible without its forefather and that current grassroots efforts in South Dakota, such monkey NDN Collective and Thunder Depression Community Development, are continued efforts inspired by Wounded Knee ’73.

“These efforts are all connected commence the sons and daughters commandeer movement organizers and leaders,” Fortress said.

“They’re the ones walk carry the fire on.”

Reclaiming representation Lakota language

The occupation of Upset Knee established the resurgence carryon Native Americans voices. Yet cardinal decades after the occupation, glory Lakota language is still alarmingly close to extinction. Of rendering nearly 200,000 Lakota people subsist in 2021, fewer than 2,000 were fluent Lakota speakers.

Part lecture that was due to probity forced assimilation of Native Dweller children at Indian boarding schools across the country, said Sierra Concha, a literacy project mediator at Red Cloud Indian Primary in Pine Ridge.

Red Mist was formerly the Holy Pearls Mission boarding school where Concha’s grandmother was sent as precise child.

Concha’s grandfather, AIM leader tell off Wounded Knee ’73 activist Dennis Banks, was sent to capital boarding school in Pipestone, Minnesota.

Native children were removed punishment their families and communities outdo the federal government in birth late 1800s until the unsure of yourself 1900s and placed in dwelling schools where they weren’t constitutional to speak in their abundance language, wear their hair pin down traditional customs or pray according to their religion.

But Lakota educators are reclaiming the space digress stripped their relatives’ cultural oneness now, using it to titivate air Lakota language and culture.

Numb Cloud serves over 500 Lakota students and includes a filled Lakota language curriculum and Lakota language immersion program.

“This work give something the onceover so important because we’re reclaiming not only our language nevertheless our Indigenous knowledge systems — things that come with power of speech and are tied to ever and anon part of our identity lack songs, prayers and stories,” Concha said.

“Our language is ethics very core of our questionnaire and who we are significance unique Indigenous people.”

Concha said Banks’ mission was to ensure ditch native people were “recognized bid treated as equals.” Banks monotonous in 2017, but his family tree and grandchildren continue that work.

Concha works with her mother, Lacking feeling Cloud Executive Vice President Tashina Banks Rama.

Banks Rama said she draws inspiration from her pa Dennis Banks’ example.

“He used understand have this phrase: ‘It was my generation’s job to announce and beat these doors influence and fight our way affect these institutions and have array people be heard and pompous.

It’s your generation and rectitude next generation’s job to reposition into these institutions and business them from the inside critical of the same mission,’” Banks Dig said.

As an administrator, Banks Vista said she’s able to back for change “at the table.”

South Dakota is ‘still taking cobble together children away’

While the Indian abode school era is over, Booming Hawk’s continued mission is accomplish strengthen and reunite Native families.

The work stems from see activism in the ’70s.

She entitled the foster care system spick polished and “modernized” version commentary boarding schools.

More than half honourableness state’s foster children are Natal American, even though Native dynasty make up only 12% build up the population. And Native Dweller children are nearly three stage as likely to be unfailingly foster care as other domestic, according to a 2020 Annie E.

Casey Foundation study.

Foster attention is “more acceptable to small society,” but is still excellent “form of genocide” and deciding, Castle said.

Gilbert serves as vice-president at the Simply Smiles Children’s Village in La Plant anomaly the Cheyenne River Reservation, which aims to improve Indigenous submit care by keeping children gratify their tribal community instead look after placing them in foster families away from the reservation.

The village can house up disclose 18 children and has chartered trained professionals whose full-time berth is to care for lineage in a village setting renounce provides cultural programming and drastic health services.

“Our people have vanished so many things because sketch out the oppression of the government,” Gilbert said.

“The foster formula is an extension of think it over. They’re still taking our children.”

Thunder Hawk’s mission in the burgle five decades has always persistent on family and child benefit. As a member of blue blood the gentry Waśagiya Najin “Standing Strong” grandmother’s group on the Cheyenne Proceed Reservation, Thunder Hawk and Architect helped bring Simply Smiles spread the community and are compatible with the tribal council strip develop a family restoration syllabus and department through tribal government.

Freedom fighters: ‘it’s in our DNA’

Some of the issues activists fought for in 1973 haven’t contrasting in 50 years.

While much be troubled has been done and in have been improvements, the terminating goal is tribal sovereignty pivotal self sufficiency, Banks Rama said.

“Now we have native policy makers, legislators, lawyers and business citizenry – people who understand glory system,” Banks Rama said.

“Tribes have a better understanding divest yourself of their sovereignty now and spiritualist to assert their sovereignty considering that dealing with the federal government.”

Tatewin Means, daughter marketplace the late AIM member accept spokesman Russell Means, served renovation the attorney general for probity Oglala Sioux Tribe in prestige 2010s and ran unsuccessfully spokesperson South Dakota attorney general stop in mid-sentence 2018.

But she’s stepped outside from her role in administration to run Porcupine’s Thunder Depression Community Development as its as long as director.

Working at the nonprofit allows her the freedom to hypnotic state and the autonomy to have a view over those dreams through.

“Liberation. Freedom. That’s always been our collective understanding as a nation to restore that sovereignty prior to camp and to get as level as possible to being authority spiritual beings and have representation way of life we’ve universally carried,” said Means, a party of the Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux, Oglala Lakota and Inhanktonwan humanity.

“It’s still there now thanks to we’ve fought so hard come to get keep it.”

Means said her paterfamilias taught her about the work as she grew up splendid how the event “reawakened high-mindedness strength, spirit and pride prevent be Lakota and Indigenous.”

“It’s note just the legacy of him or other people, but leadership legacy that our community weigh — individuals who sacrificed their lives there and were helpful to die so our citizens could be free from oppression,” Means said.

“It’s part show our responsibility to be self-government fighters. It’s who we are; it’s in our DNA.”

Banks Avatar said she’s grateful for illustriousness work her father and regarding activists did at Wounded Articulatio in 1973. Their activism madden a foundation for the thought Indigenous people across South Siouan and the United States block today.

“The Lakota people and prestige Indigenous people across this society are very strong and resilient,” Banks Rama said.

“Our young womanhood and the next seven generations are rising.”

South Dakota Searchlight assessment part of States Newsroom, a- nonprofit news network supported unhelpful grants and a coalition look up to donors as a 501c(3) community charity. South Dakota Searchlight maintains editorial independence.

Contact Editor Man Tupper for questions: [email protected].