Kavi narmad biography of rory

Indian Gujarati-language author, poet, scholar queue public speaker

Narmadashankar Lalshankar Dave (pronounced[nər.mə.d̪aːʃəŋ.kərlabh.ʃəŋ.kərd̪ə.ʋe]) (24 Sedate 1833 – 26 February 1886), popularly known as Narmad, was an Indian Gujarati-language poet, 1 essayist, orator, lexicographer and controversialist under the British Raj.

Settle down is considered to be rank founder of modern Gujarati literature.^[1] After studying in Bombay, proceed stopped serving as a tutor to live by writing. Before his prolific career, he naturalized many literary forms in Gujerati. He faced economic struggles nevertheless proved himself as a consecrated reformer, speaking loudly against godfearing and social orthodoxy.

His essays, poems, plays and prose were published in several collections. Fillet Mari Hakikat, the first life story in Gujarati,^[A] was published posthumously.^[B] His poem Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat is now the present anthem of Gujarat state exempt India.^[4][5]

Early life

Narmad was born hurt Surat, Gujarat on 24 Reverenced 1833 to Lalshankar and Navdurga in a Nagar Brahmin family.^[6][7] His family home in Amliran, Surat was destroyed in integrity great fire of 1837 nevertheless was later rebuilt.

He commenced schooling with Nana Mehta cut Bhuleshwar, Bombay at age fivesome. He later joined Fakir Mehta and Ichchha Mehta's school plug Surat and moved to Bombay where he attended the Create Gujarati school of Balgovind Mehta at Pydhonie. He returned chastise Surat where he attended blue blood the gentry school of Durgaram Mehta become peaceful Pranshankar Mehta.

He was initiated in Upanayan at age import. He started studying at high-mindedness English School, Elphinstone Institute, Bombay on 6 January 1845, dawning college in June 1850. Elegance delivered his first public enunciation Mandali Malvathi Thata Labh (The Advantages of Forming An Association) that same year.^[8] His popular died on 23 November 1850 and he left college.^[3][1][9]

Career

He was appointed a teacher at nobleness school of Rander on 1 May 1851.

He again recited his early essay in Swadesh Hitechchhu Mandali and started Gyansagar magazine in July 1851. Proceed was transferred to a institute in Nanpara in March 1853. After the death of fulfil wife Gulab, he left that position and went to Bombay, in January 1854. He requited to college on the idea of his friend Jhaverilal Umiyashankar and joined Buddhi Vardhak Sabha, a literary group in June 1854.

He started learning Siddhant Kaumudi.

He became interested unexciting poetry and started writing call in September 1855, studying literary movement over the following year. Filth presided over Buddhivardhak Granth evade March to December 1856.^[9] Care his second marriage, he compare college in August 1856, handwriting Pingal Pravesh in February 1857 and dedicating it to cap father.

He joined Gokuldas Tejpal Vidyalaya as a teacher topmost began studying Sanskrit literary shop such as Laghu kaumudi, Chandralok, Nrisimhachampu, Kavyachampu, Prataprudra, Adhyatma Ramayana. He started at Central Academy as a teacher in Feb 1858, then resigned in Nov 1858 after deciding to run after a literary career.^[1][9]

He studied Indic grammar and poetry in Pune from November 1858 to Go by shanks`s pony 1859.

Deciding to study in the flesh he returned to Bombay hill March, where he met Dalpatram, a reformist Gujarati poet, monitor June 1859, and became take part in in reform activities.

His helpmate Dahigauri returned to her parents' home. In 1860, he esoteric discussed widow remarriage with metaphysical leader Jadunathji Maharaj, which to one side to him becoming involved fellow worker the Maharaj Libel Case loftiness next year.^[10][11] The case was filed by Jadunathji against penman Karsandas Mulji after the newscaster published an article alleging sexy genital exploitation of women in sovereignty religious sect.

He visited Wealth Tax Commissioner Curtis regarding excellent surcharge on 3 February 1863. With the help of alters ego, he started a biweekly documentation called Dandiyo (lit. A strike stick), modelled after British every week The Spectator, in September 1864. It was loudly reformist reveal its stand and attacked normal customs of Hindu society.^[12] Vehicle ran until 1869 when house was merged with The Textile Review.^[C][13][14] On 18 January 1864, his father died, aged 56.

He moved back to Surat in July 1865 and get hold of Savitagauri, a widow, in fastidious neighbouring house. He published Narmagadya in September 1865. He was banished from his caste franchise to reform activities on 18 August but reinstated on 21 November 1866. The same epoch, he wrote his autobiographical be concerned, Mari Hakikat, the first reminiscences annals in Gujarati.

He published Nayikavishaypravesh and Uttam Nayika dedicated ensue his then separated wife, Dahigauri. In early 1867, he available Narmakavita, a poetry collection. Elegance had debts of 10,000 delay caused him great concern. Recognized married again in 1869. Take action published summaries of Ramayana, Mahabharata and Iliad in 1870.

Let go published the school version in this area Narmagadya in 1874 and glory edition for the government prize open 1875.^[9]

He moved back again work to rule Bombay in March 1875, situation he met Dayanand Saraswati, great reformist and founder of Arya Samaj, and started to agree with deeply religious.

He published justness first dictionary of Gujarati articulation in March 1876.^[9][14] He supported Vedsarasvati in Sarasvatimandir of Surat on 16 April 1877.

Aryanitidarshak Mandali performed his play Draupadi-Darshan in 1878. By 1880 prohibited had become fully "believer" topmost performed Upanayana for his infect that year.

He wrote unadorned play, Shri Sarshakuntal in 1881 which was performed. He publicized a translation of Bhagvad Gita in 1882. Although unhappy dance breaking a resolve not touch upon work for other people, do something was forced due to commercial difficulties into taking a submission as a secretary to Gokuldas Tejpal Dharmakhata.

He wrote out play, Shri Balkrishnavijay in 1883.

His health failing due pan the stress of work archetypal a hostel, he left culminate job on 19 July 1885. After a prolonged eight-month malady, he died of arthritis defiance 26 February 1886 in Bombay.^{[9][15][16][17][18][19]}

Works

Main article: Works of Narmadashankar Dave

Narmad is considered to be character founder of modern Gujarati letters.

He introduced many creative forms of writing to the Gujerati language, including pioneering works bit autobiography, poetry, lexicography, historical plays and folk literature research. No problem was an outspoken journalist stream pamphleteer. Narmad was a ironic opponent of religious fanaticism last orthodoxy.

He promoted nationalism vital patriotism with famous songs specified as Sahu Chalo Jeetva Jang, wrote about self-government and bound by having one national language, Hindi, for all of India, practically five decades before Mahatma Statesman or Nehru. His poem Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat, written upgrade the preface of Narmakosh, programmed with a sense of conceit all the cultural symbols saunter go into constituting the Gujerati identity.

These symbols included different non-Hindu, implying that Gujarat belongs to all the castes, communities, races, religions and sects go wool-gathering live together there. The rhapsody is now de facto kingdom song of Gujarat. Mahatma Solon acknowledged him for his conjecture of nonviolence.^{[14][15][16][17][18][19]}

His major collected contortion are Narmagadya (Gujarati: નર્મગદ્ય), kind of prose; Narmakavita (Gujarati: નર્મકવિતા), collection of poems; Narmakathakosh (Gujarati: નર્મકથાકોશ), collection of stories get into characters of mythological literature favour Narmakosh (Gujarati: નર્મકોશ), dictionary.

Emperor Mari Hakikat, the first life in Gujarati, was published posthumously.^[19]

Poetry

His volumes of Narmakavita:1-3 (1858), Narmakavita:4-8 (1859) and Narmakavita:9-10 (1860) were collected into Narmakavita:Book 1 (1862). Later Narmakavita:Book 2 (1863) was published.

All his poetry was later collected together in Narmakavita (1864).^[1] He introduced new subjects in modern Gujarati poetry specified as social reform, freedom, nationalism, nature and love, etc.^[20]

His plan, "Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat" (1873), is used as a acquaintance facto state song for Gujarat.^[21]

Prose

His Rasapravesh (1858), Pingalpravesh (1857), Alankarpravesh (1858), Narmavyakaran Part I contemporary II (1865), Varnavichar (1865), Nayika Vishaypravesh (1866) are his collections of essays on poetics greet historical importance.^[1]

Rituvarnan (1861), Hinduoni Padati (1864), Kavicharit (1865), Suratni Mukhtesar Hakikat (1865), Iliadno Sar (1870), Mahipatram Rupram Mehta (1870), Mahapurushona Charitra (1870), Mahabharatano Sar (1870), Ramayanano Sar (1870), Sarshakuntal (1881), Bhagvadgitanu Bhashantar (1882) are government prose works.

His other brochures between 1850 and 1865 impassive in Narmagadya (1865) and posthumously published Narmagadya-2 (1936) are her majesty other prose works.^[1]

His essays industry collected and edited in iii volumes. They are Narmadgadya be remorseful Narmadashankar Lalashankarna Gadyatmak Granthono Sangrah (1875) edited by Mahipatram Rupram Nilkanth, Narmadnu Mandir-Gadya Vibhag (1937) edited by Vishwanath Bhatt stream Narmadgadya (1975) edited by Gambhirsinh Gohil.

His fifteen prose expression were collected in Junu Narmadgadya Part I, II (1865, 1874) and are also important.^[1]

He difficult to understand researched and edited several make a face. Manohar Swami's Manhar Pad (1860), Narmakosh: Issue 1 (1861), Narmakosh: Issue 2 (1862), Narmakosh:Issue 3 (1864), Narmakosh:Issue 4 (1865).

Narmakathakosh (1870), Dayaramkrut Kavyasangrah (1865), Stree Geet Sangrah (1870) of songs popular in Nagar Brahmin strata, Premanand's Dashamskandh (1872) and greatness complete issue of Narmakosh (1873) are his edited and researched works.^[1]

Tusli Vaidhvyachitra (dialogue, 1859), Ramjanaki Darshan (1876), Draupadidarshan (1878), Balkrishnavijay (1886), Krishnakumari are plays captain dialogues.

His Seetaharan (1878) was a previously unpublished play. Rajyarang Part I, II (1874, 1876) are his works on antiquated and modern world history. Dharmavichar is his work on judgment. Gujarat Sarvasangrah (1887) and Kathiawar Sarvasangrah (1887) are also reliable works.^[1]

Mari Hakikat, his autobiography impossible to get into in 1866 and published posthumously in 1933, is the gain victory autobiography written in Gujarati.

Sovereign notes and letters were adjacent published as Uttar Narmad Charitra (1939).^[3][1][9]

Adaptations

Narmad:Mari Hakikat or Narmad:My Life, a critically acclaimed^[22]soliloquy based affinity his writings and life, was written and directed by Harish Trivedi and performed by Chandrakant Shah.

It premiered in City, Ohio, US in 1995 at an earlier time later toured India, the UK and France.^[23][22]Chandravadan Mehta wrote neat play based on his life.^[24]

Honours

Narmad has been called Arvachino Mother Adya (Earliest Among the Moderns).^[25] His house, Saraswati Mandir, has been restored and converted secure museum.^[26] Several places in Province were named after him, much as Central Library in Surat.

Busts of him have archaic erected in Ahmedabad, Vadodara very last Surat. In 2004, South Gujerat University was renamed Veer Narmad South Gujarat University in potentate memory.^[21] A replica of cap house is also constructed ancestry the university campus.^[27] The mythical honour Narmad Suvarna Chandrak has been yearly awarded by Narmad Sahitya Sabha, Surat since 1940.

A special cover was unfastened by India Post on jurisdiction 175th birth anniversary in 2008.^[28]

Personal life

He married Gulab, daughter ingratiate yourself Surajram Shastri of Sudder Eyeball, Surat, on 29 April 1844. She gave a birth combat girl in 1852 who deadly 15 days later. Gulab woman died on 5 October 1853 following a stillbirth.

In Could 1856, he married Dahigauri, girl of Tripuranand Shastri; she disassociated from him in 1860. Oversight married Subhadra (later Narmadagauri), straight widow of his caste, slot in 1869, breaking the customary bias against widow remarriage. She gave birth to their son Jayshankar in 1870. Jayshankar worked thanks to a clerk for Bombay Metropolis, and never married, dying condense 31 March 1910 of greatness plague.^[9]

Contest with Dalpatram

Just at leadership time when Narmad was emergent into celebrity (1859), Dalpatram who had already won his crown, happened to visit Bombay on the way to treatment of his eyes.

Lovers of Gujarati poetry, they tumble together, and in the genre contest that took place, plainly they warmed up and their audience took sides as chance on who was the better versifier. The result was a constant estrangement between the two. Rank contest was continued in interpretation public papers and a over-salted paper.

The Parsi Punch, a- weekly, published a cartoon, detour which they were represented slightly fighting each other with description top-knot of the hair pursuit their heads in their hands.^[29]

Gallery

See also

Notes

References

External links