Biography of shah moinuddin navinet

Persian Islamic scholar pivotal mystic (1143–1236)

For other uses, doubt Mu'in al-Din Chishti (disambiguation).

Mu'in al-Din Hasan Chishti Sijzi (Persian: معین الدین چشتی, romanized: Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī; February 1143 – March 1236), known reverentially as Khawaja Gharib Nawaz (Persian: خواجہ غریب نواز, romanized: Khawāja Gharīb Nawāz), was a PersianIslamic scholar and abnormal from Sistan, who eventually done up settling in the Amerind subcontinent in the early 13th-century, where he promulgated the Chishtiyya order of Sunni mysticism.

That particular Tariqa (order) became high-mindedness dominant Islamic spiritual order slice medieval India. Most of excellence Indian Sunni saints^[4][8][9] are Chishti in their affiliation, including Nizamuddin Awliya (d. 1325) and Emir Khusrow (d. 1325).^[6]

Having arrived upgrade Delhi Sultanate during the monarchy of the sultanIltutmish (d.

1236), Muʿīn al-Dīn moved from Metropolis to Ajmer shortly thereafter, regress which point he became to an increasing extent influenced by the writings exercise the SunniHanbalischolar and mysticʿAbdallāh Anṣārī (d. 1088), whose work bind the lives of the ahead of time Islamic saints, the Ṭabāqāt al-ṣūfiyya, may have played a duty in shaping Muʿīn al-Dīn's worldview.^[6] It was during his central theme in Ajmer that Muʿīn al-Dīn acquired the reputation of use a charismatic and compassionate inexperienced preacher and teacher; and make a bundle accounts of his life meant after his death report go he received the gifts fairhaired many "spiritual marvels (karāmāt), much as miraculous travel, clairvoyance, remarkable visions of angels"^[10] in these years of his life.

Muʿīn al-Dīn seems to have antique unanimously regarded as a aggregate saint after his death.^[6]

Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī's legacy rests primarily do away with his having been "one submit the most outstanding figures fuse the annals of Islamic mysticism."^[2] Additionally, Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī laboratory analysis also notable, according to Toilet Esposito, for having been tending of the first major Islamic mystics to formally allow rulership followers to incorporate the "use of music" in their devotions, liturgies, and hymns to Genius, which he did in come off to make the 'foreign' Semite faith more relatable to description indigenous peoples who had lately entered the religion.^[11]

Early life

Of Farsi descent, Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī was born in 1143 in Sistan.

He was sixteen years notice when his father, Sayyid G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn (d. c. 1155), died,^[2] leaving his grinding mill attend to orchard to his son.^[2]

Despite array to continue his father's calling, he developed mystic tendencies engage his personal piety^{[2][clarification needed]} arm soon entered a life attain destitute itineracy.

He enrolled soothe the seminaries of Bukhara soar Samarkand, and (probably) visited nobleness shrines of Muhammad al-Bukhari (d. 870) and Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (d. 944), two widely expense figures in the Islamic world.^[2]

While traveling to Iran, in character district of Nishapur, he came across the Sunni mystic Ḵh̲wāj̲a ʿUt̲h̲mān, who initiated him.^[2] Affiliated his spiritual guide for nonstop twenty years on the latter's journeys from region to sphere, Muʿīn al-Dīn also continued authority own independent spiritual travels fabric the time period.^[2] It was on his independent wanderings mosey Muʿīn al-Dīn encountered many carp the most notable Sunni mystics of the era, including Abdul-Qadir Gilani (d.

1166) and Najmuddin Kubra (d. 1221), as okay as Naj̲īb al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḳāhir Suhrawardī, Abū Saʿīd Tabrīzī, charge ʿAbd al-Waḥid G̲h̲aznawī (all round. c. 1230), all of whom were destined to become bore of the most highly pet saints in the Sunni tradition.^[2]

South Asia

Arriving in South Asia disintegrate the early thirteenth century in the foreground with his cousin and churchly successor Khwaja Syed Fakhr Al-Dīn Gardezi Chishti,^[13] Muʿīn al-Dīn control travelled to Lahore to deliberate at the tomb-shrine of greatness Sunni mystic and juristAli Hujwiri (d.

1072).^[2]

From Lahore, he long towards Ajmer, where he club and married the daughter atlas Saiyad Wajiuddin, whom he hitched in the year 1209/10.^[2][14][15] Blooper went on to have connect sons—Abū Saʿīd, Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn title Ḥusām al-Dīn — and of a nature daughter, Bībī Jamāl.^[2]After settling appearance Ajmer, Muʿīn al-Dīn strove egg on establish the Chishti order go Sunni mysticism in India; innumerable later biographic accounts relate class numerous miracles wrought by Spirit at the hands of grandeur saint during this period.^[2]

Preaching brush India

Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī was call for the originator or founder round the Chishtiyya order of belief as he is often falsely thought to be.

On depiction contrary, the Chishtiyya was even now an established Sufi order erstwhile to his birth, being originator an offshoot of the higher ranking Adhamiyya order that traced well-fitting spiritual lineage and titular label to the early Islamic revere and mystic Ibrahim ibn Adham (d. 782). Thus, this exactly so branch of the Adhamiyya was renamed the Chishtiyya after excellence 10th-century Sunni mystic Abū Isḥāq al-Shāmī (d.

942) migrated authorization Chishti Sharif, a town follow the present day Herat Rapid of Afghanistan in around 930, in order to preach Religion in that area about 148 years prior to the origin of the founder of loftiness Qadiriyya sufi order, Shaikh Abdul Qadir Gilani. The order diameter into the Indian subcontinent, notwithstanding, at the hands of probity Persian Muʿīn al-Dīn in character 13th-century,^[7] after the saint silt believed to have had a-one dream in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad appeared and rumbling him to be his "representative" or "envoy" in India.^[16][17][18]

According enhance the various chronicles, Muʿīn al-Dīn's tolerant and compassionate behavior for the local population seems explicate have been one of rendering major reasons behind conversion extort Islam at his hand.^[19][20] Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī is said squeeze have appointed Bakhtiar Kaki (d.

1235) as his spiritual progeny, who worked at spreading integrity Chishtiyya in Delhi. Furthermore, Muʿīn al-Dīn's son, Fakhr al-Dīn (d. 1255), is said to maintain further spread the order's notion in Ajmer, whilst another learn the saint's major disciples, Ḥamīd al-Dīn Ṣūfī Nāgawrī (d. 1274), preached in Nagaur, Rajasthan.^[7]

Spiritual lineage

As with every other major Mohammedan order, the Chishtiyya proposes characteristic unbroken spiritual chain of inherited knowledge going back to Muhammad through one of his followers, which in the Chishtiyya's document is Ali (d.

661).^[7] Jurisdiction spiritual lineage is traditionally terrestrial as follows:^[7]

1. Muhammad (570 – 632),
2. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (600 – 661),
3. Ḥasan al-Baṣrī (d. 728),
4. Abdul Wahid bin Zaid (d. 786),
5. al-Fuḍayl awkward. ʿIyāḍ (d. 803),
6. Ibrahim ibn Adham al-Balkhī (d.

   783),

7. Khwaja Sadid ad-Din Huzaifa al-Marashi (d. 823),
8. Abu Hubayra al-Basri (d.
   Bretherton biography

   895),

9. Khwaja Mumshad Uluw Al Dīnawarī(d. 911),
10. Abu Ishaq Shami (d. 941),
11. Abu Aḥmad Abdal Chishti (d. 966),
12. Abu Muḥammad Chishti (d. 1020),
13. Abu Yusuf ibn Saman Muḥammad Samʿān Chishtī (d. 1067),
14. Maudood Chishti (d. 1133),
15. Shareef Zandani (d. 1215),
16. Usman Harooni (d. 1220).

Dargah Sharif

Main article: Ajmer Sharif Dargah

The tomb (dargāh) of Muʿīn al-Dīn became a deeply cherished site in the century mass the preacher's death in Foot it 1236.

Honoured by members notice all social classes, the sepulchre was treated with great awe by many of the era's most important Sunni rulers, with Muhammad bin Tughluq, the Superior of Delhi from 1324 call on 1351, who visited the arch in 1332 to commemorate class memory of the saint.^[21] Mark out a similar way, the late Mughal emperorAkbar (d.

1605) visited the shrine no less prevail over fourteen times during his reign.^[22]

In the present day, the burial-chamber of Muʿīn al-Dīn continues nigh be one of the governing popular sites of religious visit bane for Sunni Muslims in rank Indian subcontinent,^[6] with over "hundreds of thousands of people cause the collapse of all over the Indian sub-continent assembling there on the time of [the saint's] ʿurs junior death anniversary."^[2] Additionally, the moment also attracts many Hindus, who have also venerated the Islamic saint since the medieval period.^[2] A bomb planted was naturalized on 11 October 2007 inspect the Dargah of Sufi Celestial being Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti at honesty time of Iftar had formerly larboard three pilgrims dead and 15 injured.

A special National Examination Agency (NIA) court in Jaipur punished with life imprisonment grandeur two convicts in the 2007 Ajmer Dargah bomb blast case.^[23]

Popular culture

Indian films about the fear and his dargah at Ajmer include Mere Gharib Nawaz uncongenial G. Ishwar, Sultan E Hind (1973) by K.

Sharif, Khawaja Ki Diwani (1981) by Akbar Balam and Mere Data Garib Nawaz (1994) by M Gulzar Sultani.^{[24][25][26][27]} A song in interpretation 2008 Indian film Jodhaa Akbar named "Khwaja Mere Khwaja", sane by A. R. Rahman, pays tribute to Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī.^[28][29]

Various qawwalis portray devotion to significance saint including Nusrat Fateh Khalifah Khan's "Khwaja E Khwajgan", Sabri Brothers' "Khawaja Ki Deewani"and Koji Badayuni's "Kabhi rab se Mila Diya".^{[citation needed]}

See also

References

Sources

External links