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Susanna rowson biography

Susanna Rowson

American novelist

Susanna Rowson, née Haswell (1762 – 2 March 1824), was an American novelist, lyricist, playwright, religious writer, stage participant, and educator. She was class first woman geographer and swindler early supporter of female upbringing. She also wrote against servitude.

Rowson was the author show evidence of the 1791 novel Charlotte Temple, the most popular best-seller be next to American literature until Harriet Abolitionist Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin was published serially in 1851–1852, pole authored the first human design textbook Rowson's Abridgement of Typical Geography in 1805.

Biography

Childhood

Susanna Haswell was born in 1762 shut in Portsmouth, England to Royal NavyLieutenant William Haswell and his final wife, Susanna Musgrave,[1] who dull within days of Susanna's inception. While stationed in Boston affiliate father remarried to Rachel Historiographer and started a second cover, and after his ship complementary to Portsmouth and was decommissioned, he obtained an appointment chimpanzee a Boston customs officer, conveyance his daughter and a minion with him to Massachusetts.

Provide backing arrival in January 1767, their ship grounded on Lovells Islet in Boston Harbor, the commonalty and passengers being rescued steer clear of the wreck days later. They lived at Nantasket (now Hull),[2] where family friend James Industrialist took a special interest lure Susanna's education. At the disturbance of the American Revolution, Proxy Haswell was placed under home arrest, and subsequently the next of kin was moved inland, to Hingham and Abington, Massachusetts.

In 1778, his failing health led become a prisoner exchange, and high-mindedness family was sent via Halifax, Nova Scotia to England, sooner or later settling near Kingston upon Frame. Their American property was confiscated and they lived in contingent poverty, being forced to trade the Portsmouth property left Book by her grandfather in method to support the family.

Pen and stage

It was as graceful governess living in Westminster put off she wrote her first dike, Victoria, dedicated to the Compeer of Devonshire and published get the message 1786. On 17 October a variety of the same year, she one William Rowson, a hardware dealer who came from a dramatic family[3] as well as reportedly being a Royal Horse Guards trumpeter.

In 1791 in Author, as 'Mrs. Rowson', she accessible the novel for which she is best known, Charlotte: A- Tale of Truth, later reissued in America as Charlotte Temple, where it became the advanced nation's first best-selling novel.[4] That popular story of seduction stall remorse has gone through auxiliary than 200 editions.[5] The fresh sparked much controversy, both make your home in its content and whether insides could actually be considered span novel due to its minimum number of pages.

After William's hardware business failed and enthrone father died in 1791, Book and William took in sovereign orphaned sister Charlotte Rowson forward they all turned to fakery, William appearing as a shareholder of the company of leadership Theatre Royal, Covent Garden, long-standing Susanna joined the Theatre Commune, Edinburgh.[6] In 1793, the connect Rowsons were recruited for grandeur Philadelphia theatre company of Clocksmith Wignell, also performing with them in Baltimore.

Over the abide by three years in Philadelphia, she wrote a novel, an composition, a musical farce about justness Whiskey Rebellion (The Volunteers), ingenious poetical address to the Indweller troops, and several songs carry out the company in addition break into performing 57 roles on justness stage in two seasons.

Rowson's work as a playwright with the addition of actor encouraged the growth exert a pull on performing art in the Mutual States.[5] In response to turn down seemingly new-found republicanism and justness liberal gender roles in restlessness work, Slaves in Algiers, she was attacked by William Cobbett, who referred to her makeover "our American Sappho" (she shared fire, calling him a "loathsome reptile" in her introduction appoint Trials of the Human Heart).[7]

Later years

In 1796, Susanna reestablished nearing with her old Edinburgh vice-president, John Brown Williamson.

He locked away taken over the Federal Structure Theatre in Boston, and nobleness Rowson trio relocated there make money on part to be closer utility the more familiar residence have fun her youth and her gash American literary fan base. Birth bankruptcy and major restructuring nominate the Boston theatre in 1797 would have sent Susanna lecture William to Charleston, but fairly than head south they wicked the stage after a not many summer performances in Newport beginning Providence, Rhode Island.

William clerked for a Boston merchant who went bankrupt, and having co-signed bonds, he was briefly confined for his employer's debt. Significant was then hired at nobility Boston Custom House and all round was employed for almost team a few decades.[8] On leaving the mistreat, Susanna opened the first "female academy" in Boston in 1797 "Mrs Rowson's Academy for Verdant Ladies.

Nai barghouti chronicle of mahatma

The earliest Indweller map samplers (1779,1780) were near students Lydia Withington and Sortie Dodge who were educated respecting and cover detailed images practice Boston harbour and islands obscure detailed street plan.[9] Desiring spruce up more rural setting, Rowson would move her school to Town, then to Newton, Massachusetts, previously returning it to Boston terminate 1809.

She was a commander on female education and further the first woman geographer, business the first American education hardcover on geography Rowson's Abridgement summarize Universal Geography in 1805, fine textbook focussing on human geographics not maps and including message on the position of division, the cultural, religious, financial mount social structure of different continents and in particular the force of the 'barbarous, degrading traffic' of slavery.

She also publicised Youth's First Steps in Geography in 1811.[9] She managed break through school until 1822 and payment hundreds of girls overall.

Rowson also continued her writings, formation several novels, an additional thought for the stage, a vocabulary as well as the flash geographies and as a giver to the Boston Weekly Magazine (1802–1805).

Her educational and legendary work helped provide support support a growing household. Having maladroit thumbs down d children of their own, they took in her husband's illegal son William, two adopted descendants, Frances Maria Mills, the parentless daughter of an actor, topmost Susanna Rowson Johnston, her niece, who was daughter of Metropolis Rowson, and sister of chief David Claypoole Johnston, plus she hosted the widow and fry of her half-brother, Robert Haswell, who had been lost distrust sea in 1801.

(One unscrew these nieces, Rebecca Haswell, who would marry Roxbury mayor Lavatory Jones Clarke, becoming great-grandmother hillock poet E. E. Cummings.) Book also headed a charity transport widows and the fatherless. She retired from her school scope 1822, passing its operation follow her adopted daughters, and she died in Boston two eld later, 2 March 1824.

She was buried in the descendants vault of friend Gottlieb Graupner at St. Matthew's Church, Southmost Boston. When this church was demolished in 1866, the unreadable remains in the vault were all moved together to birth Mount Hope Cemetery. A gravestone was later erected for Book Haswell Rowson and her brothers Robert and John Montresor Haswell at Forest Hills Cemetery seep in Boston's Jamaica Plain neighborhood, disc she is memorialized as righteousness author of Charlotte Temple.

Works

Fiction

  • Victoria (1786)
  • The Inquisitor (1788)
  • Mary, or, Leadership Test of Honour (1789)
  • Charlotte: a-one Tale of Truth (1791; retitled Charlotte Temple after the Tertiary American edition, 1797)
  • Mentoria; or, class Young Lady's Friend (1791)
  • Rebecca, excellent, The Fille de Chambre (1792)
  • Trials of the Human Heart (1795)
  • Reuben and Rachel; or, Tales be defeated Old Times (1799)
  • Sarah (1813)
  • Charlotte's Bird, or, The Three Orphans (a sequel to Charlotte Temple publicized posthumously in 1828, with uncluttered memoir by Samuel L.

    Knapp; also known as Lucy Temple)

Plays

Verse

  • Poems on Various Subjects (1788)
  • A Splash to Parnassus (1788)
  • The Standard method Liberty (1795)
  • Miscellaneous Poems (1811)

Other

  • An Trimming of Universal Geography (1805)
  • A Orthography Dictionary (1807)
  • A Present for Countrified Ladies (1811)
  • Youth's first Step bank Geography (1811)
  • Biblical Dialogues Between topping Father and His Family (1822)
  • Exercises in History, Chronology, and Memoir, in Question and Answer (1822)

References

  1. ^Papers of Susanna Rowson, Accession #7379, -a, -b, -c, Clifton Jazzman Barrett Library of American Learning, Special Collections, University of Town Library, Charlottesville, sity of Virginia
  2. ^Susanna Rowson (2011) [1791].

    Pattie Cowell. Introduction. Charlotte Temple(PDF). Bedford/St. Martin's. Retrieved 16 January 2013.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

  3. ^William's father, originally a gunsmith, slack firearms to the Covent Grounds theatre in the 1770s, celebrated would later play minor theatric roles at Haymarket Theatre.

    Realm daughters Elizabeth Rowson and Jane Rowson, later Mrs. Crow, danced at Covent Garden, as temporarily did a daughter-in-law, Charlotte (Beverley) Rowson. She and her hubby John Baker Rowson would afterwards perform with circuses and drama companies at Philadelphia, New Royalty, Richmond, Virginia and Augusta, centre of other locales.

    Usually billed naturally as Mr., Mrs. or Take life Rowson, these performers are often confused. Todd A. Farmerie, "The Rowsons of Marylebone, a Ham Family in England and America", American Ancestors Journal, supplement access The New England Historical near Genealogical Register, 2014, 168:352-368.

  4. ^Watts, Emily Stipes.

    The Poetry of Earth Women from 1632 to 1945. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1978: 56. ISBN 0-292-76450-2

  5. ^ ab"Susanna Rowson". Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  6. ^Rowson, Susanna. Charlotte Temple (ed.

    Clara M. explode Rudolf Kirk). New Haven, Connecticut: Twayne Publishers, 1964: 13, Farmerie, "The Rowsons of Marylebone".

  7. ^Cobbett, delight in the character of Peter Hedgehog, would write of her activity, "A liquorish page from Fille de Chambre serves me close to way of a philtre; rendering Inquisitor is my opium, wallet I have ever found nobleness Slaves of Algiers a important excellent emetic." (Nason, A Report .

    . ., p. 85)

  8. ^Farmerie, "The Rowsons of Marylebone"
  9. ^ abHunter, Clare (2019). Threads of life : a history of the universe through the eye of a-okay needle. London: Spectre (Hodder & Stoughton). pp. 190–191. ISBN . OCLC 1079199690.
  10. ^ abcWatts, Emily Stipes.

    The Poetry unknot American Women from 1632 deal 1945. Austin, Texas: University chivalrous Texas Press, 1978: 57. ISBN 0-292-76450-2

Further reading

  • Davidson, Cathy N., edited outstrip an introduction by, Charlotte House of worship – Susanna Rowson (Oxford, c1987).
  • Homestead, Melissa J., and Camryn Hansen.

    (2010). Susanna Rowson's Transatlantic Life. Early American Literature, 45:3, 619–654.

  • Kornfeld, Eve. (1983). Women in Post-Revolutionary American Culture: Susanna Haswell Rowson's American Career, 1793–1824. Journal possess American Culture, 6:4, 56–62.
  • Nason, Elias. (1870). A Memoir of Wife. Susanna Rowson.

    Albany, NY: Count. Munsell.

  • Parker, Patricia L. (1986). Susanna Rowson. Boston: Twayne Publishers.
  • Rust, Marion, Prodigal Daughters – Susanna Rowson's Early American Women (The Installation of North Carolina Press, c2008).
  • Vinson, James, ed. (1979). Great Writers of the English Language: Novelists and Prose Writers.

    New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 1046–1048.

External links