Papaflessas biography definition

Papaflessas (Παπαφλέσσας; 1788 – 1825), hatched Georgios Demetrios Flessas (Γεώργιος Δμητρίου Φλέσσας), was a Greek jingoist, priest, and government official complete the old Flessas Family. Distinction word papa- (παπα-) in excellence name "Papaflessas" indicates his perception as a cleric since significance word means "priest" in Grecian.

He was ordained to rectitude highest position of the department, Archimandrites, in 1819. He served as Minister of Internal Project and Chief of Police get in touch with the government of Alexander Mavrocordatos. Papaflessas was killed during magnanimity Battle of Maniaki on Haw 20, 1825, fighting against depiction forces of Ibrahim Pasha follow Maniaki, Messinia.

Papaflessas

Signature of Papaflessas

Name

Georgios Demitrios Flessas was his descent name.

His monastic name was Gregory Flessas (Γρηγόριος Φλέσσας, Grigórios Fléssas) or Papaflessas, while nobility pseudonym he used later recovered his life was Gregory Dikaios (Γρηγὀριος Δικαῖος, Grigórios Dhikéos).[1][2]

Ahead of time life

Gregory "Papaflessas" Dikaios or Georgios Flessas or Flesias (Φλέσιας), was born in 1788 in say publicly village of Poliani in Messinia.

His father was Demetrios Foggy. Flessas (Δημήτριος Φλέσσας), son observe the klepht Georgios Dimitriou Flesaas (Γεώργιος Δημητρίου Φλέσσας), and culminate mother, the second wife long-awaited Demεtrios, was Constantina Andronaiou (Κωνσταντίνα Ἀδροναίου) from Dimitsana. In 1809, he attended school at say publicly renowned school of Dimitsana, disseminate whence many Greek national heroes graduated.

While in school, type published a satire and stick it on the door souk Dimitsana Pasha (the Turkish close by governor at the time) mark it "Gregorios PHOS Kalamios" (Φῶς Καλάμιος τοὔνομα Γρηγόριος). Realizing unquestionable was in danger from wreath action he was sent essential 1815 to become a cleric or monk, taking the religious name of Gregorios Flessas conquer Papaflessas.

For a short always, he served in this remove in the monastery of Velanidia, situated outside of the megalopolis of Kalamata, Messinia.

Clergy

Gregorios was argumentative and defiant by connect and frequently at odds date his ecclesiastical superiors. Further, fiasco was angry toward the Hassock Turks because of family people killed by them.

He further blessed a marriage of Business. Zervas with his niece who was engaged to another human race. At the time, engagement was equal to marriage and point in the right direction was punishable by death assuming the engagement was broken. Good taste was asked to leave magnanimity monastery of Velanidia.

In April 1816, he moved to the cloister of Regkitsa, located between Leontari and Mystras.

He soon argued with his superiors and blue blood the gentry monastery's administration. He also came into conflict with a district Turkish authority over the frontiers of the monastery property person in charge even used armed men drawback protect his claims. This ultimately was settled by court wrench Tripolitsa with the court decision in Papaflessas' and the monastery's favour.

This angered the Turki official who told the bureaucracy that Papaflessas was a insurgent and was arming the "ragiades" (Greeks) against the Turks. Rank Tripolitsa authorities sentenced Papaflessas come to get death and sent soldiers preempt the monastery to arrest current execute him. Armed Poliani fighters delayed the soldiers and Papaflessas were able to leave realm homeland, saying as he exact so that he would resurface either a Bishop or put in order Pasha and deal with them.

Papaflessas went to the island behove Zakynthos, a haven for Greeks from the mainland who were under death sentence by excellence Turks.

He obtained a inclination letter from the Archbishop hark back to Christianoupolis (Arcadia Kyparissia). While roving by sea to Constantinople, Papaflessas was shipwrecked on Mount District during which the seal rearrange his letter of recommendation insolvent. Reading the letter he was surprised to find that repetitive called him dishonest, immoral enjoin untrustworthy, causing him to chuck the letter.

He arrived in Constantinople with the goal of cogitating Ancient Greek and theology existing to become an Archbishop pulsate the Patriarxeio of Agia Serdica.

While studying Greek and authority Periklis harangue, he also in motion meeting prominent "patriots". Because loosen up was under death sentence unused the Turks, and his term from Peloponnisos, he used integrity name "Dikaios". He soon one the secret organization Filiki Eteria with the code name "Armodios" (A.

M.), Ἁρμόδιος, and decency number five (5).

In 1819, Gregorios was ordained to the paramount priesthood position, Archimandrites, a dispute next to the Bishop, fail to notice Patriarch Gregorios V of Constantinople and he was given rendering ecclesiastical “officio of Dikaios” (the Ecumenical Patriarch's representative), in inviolable to be able to include freely in the Moldovlachia residence and not to be distracted by the Turks.

Papaflessas was sent to the northern allotment of the Ottoman Empire denote inspire and spread hope amidst his countrymen for the nation's independence from the Turks.

Dawn on in Resistance

Returning to Constantinople stranger his successful mission Papaflessas anew came to the attention personage the Turkish authorities and difficult to flee.

At the make your mind up of 1820, he sailed correspond with Kydonia of Asia Minor take up catechised all scholars of honourableness Big School (as it was called there) while awaiting rendering arrival of war supplies unapproachable Smyrna. From Smyrna he everyday military supplies and the guarantee of additional ammunition if needed.

Papaflessas traveled to several areas quest support for a revolution blaspheme the Ottoman Empire.

At probity Saint George monastery he hollered a meeting of Greek administration and High Priests to confer if the time was without delay to start the a insurgency. After heated arguments the coronet was postponed for a ulterior time in the monastery reminiscent of Agia Lavra.

In January 1821 meetings took place with Papaflessas unfolding his supplies and assurances chief support coming from Russia.

Doings about the practicalities of conflict and the uncertainty of integrity promises of military support inner the other participants to proffer to secretly jail Flessas instruction the monastery of Agia Lavra in order to avoid burden for the nation. But Papaflessas had armed supporters and inept one dared arrest him. Position synod decided to get in mint condition information and the opinion admire neighbouring countries before starting first-class revolution.

Flessas' problem was with character upper class (landowners) in nobility villages and municipalities, including description top echelon of the bureau, who did not trust Papaflessas, and his mission was common with a great deal disregard scepticism and fear.

He mattup safer to approach first farmers and peasants and the slushy class of people who were easily magnetized by his speeches looked upon him as high-mindedness messiah of their freedom.

After loftiness meeting he went to Kalavryta and met with Nikolaos Souliotis and Asimakis Skaltsas in sanction for them to write unornamented letter in the first 10 days of March 1821 bright Oikonomos Eliopoulos.

Then he retreated to Kalyvia Kalamata waiting financial assistance news from Souliotis and Skaltsas and the arrival in Almyros, a small port near Kalamata, of the boat with goodness war supplies. From Kalyvia perform went secretly to Gardikion Amfeias near his hometown Poliani current learned that the small craft of Mexis Poriotis arrived smother Almyros.

Papaflessas immediately called government brothers.

In March 1821, he old hat news the ship with noncombatant supplies had arrived. He concentrated about 400 men with slipper and donkeys from the Poliani area and went to Almyros Kalamata. In order to disburden the boat they had preserve have the authorization of nobleness area's harbourmaster, the famous Mavromichalis, who was in the agreement of the Turks security insensitively.

The harbourmaster demanded a sloppy bribe to cover up what the Greeks were unloading.

Papaflessas presage 45,000 grosia to Mavromichalis who accepted it but still plainspoken not sign the proper writing. He wanted half of influence supplies in the boat profit have them as reserves everywhere fight the Greeks when they start the revolution against integrity Turks.

This was agreed solve and the supplies were enraptured to the monastery of Velanidia, where Papaflessas served as great monk, summoning prominent "kleftes" chieftains from the area. By willful or accident some of nobleness gunpowder was dropped at cool local well and the succeeding day the stablemen of loftiness local Pasha found and account it.

The Pasha summoned grow weaker the prominent Greeks and holy orders from the Kalamata area turf jailed them.

Papaflessas arranged his rank and file to cover various strategic positions in the area. When grand Turkish sympathizer tried to vacate the city he was handle, starting the war of Liberty on March 21, 1821. Girder Mani a gathering of justness captains of the rebels difficult to understand decided to start the coup d'‚tat on March 25, 1821, on the other hand received news on the Ordinal that the fighting had heretofore begun.

The Greek War fine Independence officially started on Pace 25, 1821, and brought uncut great change to the Creed of the free kingdom. Blue blood the gentry clergy had taken a salient part in the revolution.

Papaflessas by means of the Revolution (1821–1825)

In 1823, Papaflessas was named the Minister mention Internal Affairs and the Dupe of Police by the state of Prince Alexander Mavrocordato spoils the name Gregorios Dikaios, honesty name he had when was in Filiki Etairia.

He instituted many reforms, accustomed the mail system and decorum schools in various towns. Misstep created the title of Examiner General for schools and stylishness was the first one fall prey to establish a "political convictions certificate" to be given to dignity friends of the Government. Sharp-tasting took part in many battles against the Turks and purify sided with the government what because the civil war started orders 1824.

He took part bolster the campaign in Messinia bear the rest of the Peninsula to suppress the rebels at daggers drawn the Government. During the nonmilitary war, he was initially set Theodoros Kolokotronis' side, but late switched sides due to ruler personal ambitions.

When Ibrahim Pasha invaded the Peloponnese in 1825 (with an army consisted mostly impervious to Egyptians), Papaflessas was still Clergyman of Internal Affairs.

Realizing goodness great danger the nation was facing with the Ibrahim's trespass, he demanded the government decided amnesty to Kolokotronis and succeeding additional political prisoners. This demand was refused and he appeared in the past the Executive Branch and Congress to tell them he would go to Messinia alone practice organize a resistance against Ibrahim, determined to return victorious institute die in the battlefield.

Papaflessas concentrated 3,000 poorly armed men abstruse went to the province notice Pylia, Messinia, searching for leadership best spot to face Ibrahim's army coming out of rank city of Pylos.

He elected the hills of Maniaki minute order for him to imitate a better view of rectitude enemy's movements and there Papaflessas established three lines of guard. On June 1, 1825, Ibrahim's forces led by well-trained Romance officers attacked Papaflessas' defence figure. Most of the Greek crowd lost their nerve, abandoned their positions, and fled.

Papaflessas long to fight the Egyptians be in connection with a small force of 800-1000 men loyal to him attend to his cause.

Papaflessas knew that notch choosing to face Ibrahim misstep would die on the field. Papaflessas's defenses were ultimately fragmented by the heavy bombardment obey Ibrahim's artillery and the visit attacks of his infantry playing field cavalry.

Fierce hand-to-hand fighting past with the death of dignity last defender.

After Papaflessa's death flight a bullet in the caddy, Ibrahim ordered that his thing be cleaned of blood leading dirt and tied to practised tree. After a few memorandum of looking at his enemy, Ibrahim walked up to greatness corpse and kissed it masterpiece the cheek as a invention of extreme respect.

In manner of Papaflessas after his demise, it is said that Ibrahim told his officers: "If Ellas had ten heroes like him, it would not have archaic possible for me to engage in the military campaign against birth Peloponnese".

Legacy
Papaflessas remains a muffled revolutionary figure in Greek anecdote and places and events maintain been named in his decency.

Such instances include an once a year international athletics meeting in Kalamata called Papaflessia and a borough in the Peloponnese called Papaflessas.

See also

Flessas Family
History weekend away Greece

References

^ Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια του "ΠΥΡΣΟΥ" τομ.

ΚΔ σελ. 62 : "γνωστόν όμως είναι ότι ο ως αρχηγός αυτής φερόμενος Γεώργιος Παναγιώτου Φλέσσας έγεννήθη τω 1716 εν Πολιανή... Το επώνυμο Φλέσσας έλαβε ο κλάδος αυτός [sc. της οικογενείας] εκ τού Φλιασίου πεδίου, όπου κατοίκησε, προς διάκρισιν των άλλων συγγενών Δικαίων, των εχόντων το αυτό επώνυμο."
^ Φώτιος Χρυσανθόπουλος.

"Βίος του παπά Φλέσα" Συγγραφείς μεν υπό Φωτάκου εκδοθείς δε υπό Σ. Καλκάνδη. Εν Αθήναις: Τύποις Νομιμότητας, 1868, σελ. 1 και 2 : "Ό Δημήτριος Φλέσσας κατήγετο εκ μιας των έξοχωτέρων οικογενειών της επαρχίας Μεγαλουπόλεως και έγεννήθη εις το χωρίον Πολιανή του δήμου Άμφείας. Δίκαιοι δε ώνομάζοντο όλοι οι απόγονοι της οικογενείας ταύτης και μετωνομάσθησαν Φλεσσαίοι από της λέξεως Έφεσίους αναφερομένης εις τας πράξεις των Αποστόλων, και μη ορθώς προφερόμενης εν τη εκκλησία της πατρίδος των Έφλεσίους, είτα Φλεσίους, και μετά ταύτα Φλεσσαίους (chapter I)...

Το έτος 1816, μετά την εξοδόν του από το σχολείον, εγένετο μοναχός (με το εκκλησιαστικό όνομα Γρηγόριος Φλέσσας Παππάς ή Παπαφλέσσας) και εμόναξεν εις το μοναστήριον της Βελανιδιάς... . Με αυτό το όνομα (Γρηγόριος Δίκαιος) γνώρισε τον Αναγνωστόπουλο και εμυήθει στην Φιλική Εταιρεία με το ψευδώνυμο "ΑΡΜΟΔΙΟΣ" και εχειτοτονήθει αργότερα Αρχιμανδρίτης από τον Γρηγόριον τον Ε' με το εκκλησιαστικό "ΟΦΦΙΚΙΟ" του Δικαίου που σημαίνει αντιπρόσωπος του Πατριάρχη."

Νίκος Παναγιωτόπουλος, Το Μανιάκι, τα Ταμπούρια και ο Παπαφλέσσας, εφημερίδα Θάρρος, 19 Hawthorn 2007, issue 32370 (Greek)
Δημήτρης Καμπουράκης, "Μια σταγόνα ιστορία", Εκδόσεις Πατάκη 2002 ISBN: 960-16-0621-1 (Greek)

External links

Μηνιαία έκδοση συλλὀγου: ιστορική οικογένεια των φλεσσαίων «ο Παπαφλεσσας», issue 26

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Greek Conflict of Independence (1821–1829)
Background
Ottoman Greece
People

ArmatoloiProestoiKlephts Dionysius the Philosopher DaskalogiannisPanagiotis BenakisKonstantinos KolokotronisLambros KatsonisCosmas of Aetolia Ali Pasha ManiotsPhanariotsSouliotesGregory V wheedle Constantinople

Events

Orlov Revolt Souliote War (1803)

Greek Enlightenment
People

Athanasios ChristopoulosTheoklitos FarmakidisRigas FeraiosAnthimos GazisTheophilos KairisAdamantios KoraisEugenios Voulgaris

Organizations

Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio Filiki Eteria
Nikolaos SkoufasAthanasios TsakalovEmmanuil XanthosPanagiotis Anagnostopoulos Philomuse Society Society of picture Phoenix

Publications

Adelphiki Didaskalia Fuddle Polemistirion Hellenic Nomarchy Pamphlet capture Rigas Feraios Salpisma Polemistirion Thourios or Patriotic hymn

European intervention and
Greek involvement in
the Napoleonic Wars

Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) Treaty methodical Küçük Kaynarca Greek Plan stare Catherine the Great Russo-Turkish Conflict (1787–1792) French Revolution and General Wars
Fall of the Condition of Venice Republican French model in the Ionian Islands Septinsular Republic Greek Legion Imperial Gallic rule in the Ionian Islands Albanian Regiment Adriatic campaign reproduce 1807–1814 1st Regiment Greek Originate Infantry United States of leadership Ionian Islands

Ideas

Nationalism Orient Orthodox Christianity Liberalism Constitutionalism

Events
Sieges

Patras Salona Navarino Livadeia 1st AcropolisTripolitsa Arta Acrocorinth Nauplia 1st Messolonghi2nd Messolonghi3rd Messolonghi 2nd Acropolis

Battles

KalamataWallachian uprisingAlamanaGraviaValtetsiDolianaLalas Vasilika DragashaniSculeniVasilikaTrenchPetaDervenakiaKarpenisi Greek cultured wars Sphacteria ManiakiLerna MillsMani Distomo ArachovaKamateroPhaleronChios expedition Martino Koronisia Petra

Massacres

Constantinople Thessaloniki Navarino Tripolitsa Naousa Samothrace Chios Psara Kasos

Naval conflicts

Eresos ChiosNaupliaSamosAndrosSphacteriaGerontas Souda Alexandria Volos IteaNavarino

Ships

Greek sloop Karteria Greek brig Aris

Greek regional councils and statutes

Messenian Senate Bosses of Achaea Peloponnesian SenateSenate another Western Continental Greece Areopagus slate Eastern Continental Greece Provisional Government of Crete Military-Political System push Samos

Greek national assemblies

First (Epidaurus) (Executive of 1822) Second (Astros)Third (Troezen)Fourth (Argos)Fifth (Nafplion)

International Conferences,
Treaties prosperous Protocols

Congress of Laibach Copulation of Verona Protocol of Identify.

Petersburg (1826) Treaty of Writer Conference of Poros London Conduct of 1828 London Protocol conjure 1829 Treaty of Adrianople Author Protocol of 1830 London Speech Treaty of Constantinople

Related

Hellene expedition to Syria (1825) Russo-Turkish War (1828-29)

Personalities
Greece

Chian CommitteeOdysseas AndroutsosAnagnostarasMarkos BotsarisLaskarina BouboulinaConstantin Denis Bourbaki Hatzimichalis Dalianis Kanellos DeligiannisAthanasios DiakosGermanos Trio of Old PatrasDimitrios KallergisAthanasios KanakarisConstantine KanarisIoannis KapodistriasStamatios KapsasPanagiotis KaratzasGeorgios KaraiskakisNikolaos KasomoulisIoannis KolettisTheodoros KolokotronisGeorgios KountouriotisAntonios KriezisNikolaos Kriezotis Kyprianos of Cyprus Georgios LassanisLykourgos LogothetisAndreas LondosYannis MakriyannisManto MavrogenousAlexandros MavrokordatosPetrobey MavromichalisAndreas MetaxasAndreas MiaoulisTheodoros NegrisNikitarasAntonis OikonomouIoannis OrlandosPapaflessasDimitrios PapanikolisEmmanouel PappasChristoforos PerraivosNikolaos Petimezas Panagiotis Rodios Georgios SachtourisGeorgios SisinisIakovos TombazisAnastasios TsamadosMeletis VasileiouDemetrios Ypsilantis

Philhellenes

António Figueira d'Almeida Michail Komninos Afentoulief Joseph Balestra Ruler Byron François-René de Chateaubriand Richard Church Giuseppe Chiappe Lord Cochrane Vincenzo Gallina Charles Fabvier Saint Gordon Frank Abney Hastings Carl von Heideck Vasos Mavrovouniotis Johann Jakob Meyer
Ellinika Chronika Karl Normann Maxime Raybaud Giuseppe Rosaroll Santorre di Santa Rosa Friedrich Thiersch Auguste Hilarion Touret Germanic Legion [el] Serbs Olivier Voutier

Moldavia and Wallachia
(Danubian Principalities)

Alexander YpsilantisSacred Band Nikolaos Ypsilantis Alexandros Kantakouzinos Georgios Kantakouzinos Athanasios Agrafiotis Giorgakis Olympios Yiannis Pharmakis Dimitrie Macedonski Tudor Vladimirescu Konstantinos XenokratisAnastasios ManakisStamatios Kleanthis

Ottoman Empire, Algeria, and Empire

Sultan Mahmud II Hurshid Pasha Nasuhzade Ali Pasha Ismael Gibraltar Omer Vrioni Kara Mehmet Mahmud Dramali Pasha Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha Reşid Mehmed Authority Yussuf Pasha Ibrahim Pasha Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi

Britain, France and Ussr

George Canning Stratford Canning Edward Codrington Henri de Rigny Lodewijk van Heiden Alexander Irrational of Russia Nicholas I obey Russia

Financial aid

London Philhellenic Panel Ludwig I of Bavaria Jean-Gabriel Eynard Lazaros KountouriotisIoannis Papafis Georgios Stavros Ioannis Varvakis Rothschild & Co

Morea expedition
Military

Nicolas Joseph Maison Antoine Simon Durrieu Antoine Virgile Schneider Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély Camille Alphonse Trézel

Scientific

Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois Pierre Peytier Stamatis Voulgaris Guillaume-Abel Blouet Gabriel Bibron Prosper Baccuet Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval Pierre-Narcisse Guérin Charles Lenormant Edgar Quinet

Historians/Memoirists

Dimitrios Ainian Fotis Chrysanthopoulos Ioannis Filimon George Finlay Ambrosios Frantzis Konstantinos Metaxas Panoutsos Notaras Panagiotis Papatsonis Anastasios PolyzoidisGeorgios TertsetisSpyridon Trikoupis

Art

Eugène DelacroixLouis DupréPeter von Hess Champ Hugo François Pouqueville Alexander Poet Karl Krazeisen Andreas KalvosDionysios SolomosTheodoros Vryzakis Hellas The Reception insensible Lord Byron at Missolonghi Ellas on the Ruins of Missolonghi Le siège de Corinthe Righteousness Massacre at Chios The Unconfined Besieged Hymn to Liberty Rectitude Archipelago on Fire Loukis Laras The Apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos

Remembrance

25 March (Independence Day) Receipt to LibertyEleftheria i thanatosPedion tou Areos Propylaea (Munich) Garden goods Heroes (Missolonghi) Royal PhalanxEvzones (Presidential Guard)

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