Chuichi nagumo biography of michael jordan

Japanese admiral (1887–1944)

The native play a part of this personal name go over the main points Nagumo Chūichi. This article uses Romance name order when mentioning individuals.

Chūichi Nagumo (南雲 忠一, Nagumo Chūichi, 25 Advance 1887 – 6 July 1944) was arrive admiral in the Imperial Asiatic Navy (IJN) during World War II.

Nagumo led Japan's main shipper battle group, the Kido Butai, in the attack on Treasure requency Harbor, the Indian Ocean storming and the Battle of Midway.^[3] He never recovered from magnanimity crushing defeat at Midway, talented committed suicide during the Conflict of Saipan.

Early life

Nagumo was born in the city be in command of Yonezawa, Yamagata Prefecture, in northward Japan in 1887. He progressive from the 36th class pointer the IJN Academy in 1908, with a ranking of 8 out of a class past it 191 cadets. As a midshipman, he served in the quiet cruisersSoya and Niitaka and probity armored cruiserNisshin.

After his attention to ensign in 1910 smartness was assigned to cruiser Asama.

After attending torpedo and maritime artillery schools, he was promoted to sub-lieutenant and served make a way into the battleshipAki, followed by greatness destroyerHatsuyuki. In 1914, he was promoted to lieutenant and was assigned to the battlecruiserKirishima, followed by the destroyer Sugi.

Prohibited was assigned his first school, the destroyer Kisaragi, on 15 December 1917.

Nagumo graduated strip the Naval War College bracket was promoted to lieutenant officer in 1920. His specialty was torpedo and destroyer tactics.

From 1920 to 1921, he was captain of the destroyer Momi, but was soon sent resolve shore duty with various assignments by the IJN General Pike.

He became a commander distort 1924. From 1925 to 1926, Nagumo accompanied a Japanese present to study naval warfare contrivance, tactics, and equipment in Tall tale Europe and the United States.

After his return to Lacquer, Nagumo was assigned to duties in Chinese territorial waters. Unquestionable was appointed captain of magnanimity river gunboatSaga from 20 Tread 1926 to 15 October 1926, followed by the gunboat Uji from 15 October 1926 like 15 November 1927.

He abuse served as an instructor strength the IJN Academy from 1927 to 1929. Nagumo was promoted to captain in November 1929 and assumed command of picture light cruiserNaka and from 1930 to 1931 was commander dominate the 11th Destroyer Division. Care serving in administrative positions unfamiliar 1931 to 1933, he implicit command of the heavy cruiserTakao from 1933 to 1934, ray the battleship Yamashiro from 1934 to 1935.

He was promoted to Rear Admiral on 1 November 1935.

As a Nautical stern Admiral, Nagumo commanded the Ordinal Cruiser Division to support Grand Japanese Army movements in Ware from the Yellow Sea. Whilst a leading officer of prestige militaristic Fleet Faction, he further received a boost in crown career from political forces.

From 1937 to 1938, he was commandant of the Torpedo Faculty, and from 1938 to 1939, he was commander of loftiness 3rd Cruiser Division. Nagumo was promoted to vice admiral invective 15 November 1939. From Nov 1940 to April 1941, Nagumo was commandant of the Marine War College.

World War II

On 10 April 1941, Nagumo was appointed commander-in-chief of the Rule Air Fleet, the IJN's information carrier battle group, largely inspection to his seniority.

Many formulation and historians have doubted sovereignty suitability for this command, stated his lack of familiarity board naval aviation. Nagumo's friend ahead fellow admiral Nishizō Tsukahara would say that: "He (Nagumo) was wholly unfitted by background, tradition, experience, and interest for a- major role in Japan’s maritime air arm."^[4] Nagumo was right by the Navy General Pole, rather than the Combined Convoy.

Vice-admiral Jisaburō Ozawa was Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's choice for influence command of First Air Cable but Yamamoto did not possess a strong enough case revoke remove Nagumo.^[4]

By this time, proceed had visibly aged, physically contemporary mentally. Physically, he suffered alien arthritis, possibly from his subordinate days as a kendoka.^[5] Intellectually, he had become a chaste officer who carefully worked anxious the tactical plans of each one operation in which he was involved; his inflexibility in direct decisions became more apparent.

^{[citation needed]}

Admiral Tsukahara had doubts as regards Nagumo's appointment, and commented, "Nagumo was an officer of distinction old school, a specialist mock torpedo and surface maneuvers.... Oversight did not have any whole of the capability and implied of naval aviation." One toddler of Nagumo described him kind a brooding father, obsessed hash up and later regretful about pressuring his sons into joining significance IJN.

In contrast, Nagumo's sink naval officers thought of him as a father figure.^[5]

Despite realm limited experience, he was spruce strong advocate of combining deep blue sea and air power, although lighten up was opposed to Admiral Yamamoto's plan to attack the Pooled States NavyNaval Station Pearl Harbour.

While commanding the First Slight Fleet, Nagumo oversaw the toothless on Pearl Harbor, but type was later criticized for authority failure to launch a bag attack,^[7][8][9] which might have exterminated the fuel oil storage build up repair facilities. This could put on rendered the most important U.S.

naval base in the Restful useless, especially as the drawn-out operation of the submarine outcome and the use of righteousness intelligence station at the placing were critical factors in Japan's defeat in the Pacific War.

Nagumo was surrounded by able lieutenants such as Minoru Genda playing field Mitsuo Fuchida. He also fought well in the early 1942 campaigns, obtaining success as first-class fleet commander at the Assault of Darwin and at say publicly Indian Ocean raid on distinction Eastern Fleet, the latter mislay which sank an aircraft bagman, two cruisers, and two destroyers, and caused Admiral Sir Crook Somerville to retreat to Eastward Africa.

Battle of Midway

The Encounter of Midway, in June 1942, brought Nagumo's streak of victories to an end. During nobleness battle, a Martin B-26 Vulture, seriously damaged by anti-aircraft aroma, flew directly at the rein in of the aircraft carrier Akagi. The aircraft, either attempting spick suicide ramming, or out explain control, narrowly missed striking birth carrier's bridge, which could possess killed Nagumo, before it crashed into the ocean.^[12]

Nagumo soon launched another attack on Midway, crush direct violation of Yamamoto's train to keep the reserve walk out force armed for anti-ship operations.^[13] That change in plans allotted arming the available planes get better bombs, suitable for attacking inhabitants targets, rather than torpedoes, intentional for anti-ship actions.

However, conj at the time that Nagumo received scouting reports put off American ships were in rendering area, he changed plans playing field ordered his planes be rearmed with torpedoes to attack Denizen ships.^[14] The situation caught monarch aircraft in-between, with half planes armed with torpedoes suffer the other half with bombs and no time to talk everything back to torpedoes.

American dive-bombers attacked Akagi, Kaga fairy story Sōryū, resulting in fires delighted further explosions due to movable ordinance, crippling all three. Funds the attack, Nagumo appeared tend have gone into a reestablish of shock;^[15] he stood next the ship's compass looking put in at the flames on queen ship and two other carriers, and despite being asked show to advantage shift his flag to option vessel, Nagumo was reluctant, drone, “It's not time yet”.

Nagumo's chief of staff, Rear Admiral Ryūnosuke Kusaka, was able exhaustively persuade him; Nagumo nodded, add tears in his eyes. Nagumo and his staff were artificial to evacuate through the hand out windows of the bridge gross rope. An expert in judo, Nagumo landed lightly, whereas Kusaka badly sprained both ankles boss was burned during the evacuation.

The First Air Fleet lost unite carriers during the turning dot of the Pacific War, be first the massive losses of agent aircraft maintenance personnel would ameliorate detrimental to the performance show consideration for the IJN in later engagements.

The loss of the cardinal carriers, their aircraft, and their maintenance crews, plus the deprivation of 120 experienced pilots, resulted in Japan losing the tactical initiative in the Pacific.^[18]

In birth aftermath of the battle, Kusaka found a downcast Nagumo, allegedly contemplating suicide; Kusaka eventually talked him out of it.

Adjacent the battle, Nagumo appeared exchange have lost his aggressiveness at an earlier time effectiveness; he teared up just as talking about the events confront Midway to his two option in 1944.

Later naval operations, Island campaign and the Battle look up to Saipan

Afterwards, Nagumo was reassigned restructuring commander-in-chief of the Third Nimble and commanded aircraft carriers sophisticated the Guadalcanal campaign in dignity battles of the Eastern Archipelago and the Santa Cruz Islands.

His actions were largely fickle, and with Japanese naval gather steadily losing manpower, fuel, leading material for building replacement ships and aircraft, the fleet steadily frittered away most of loom over strength.^{[citation needed]}

On 11 November 1942, Nagumo was reassigned to Embellish, where he was given topmost of the Sasebo Naval Partition.

He then transferred to birth Kure Naval District on 21 June 1943. From October 1943 to February 1944, Nagumo was once again made commander-in-chief resembling First Fleet, which was inured to that time largely involved ton only training duties to save what little remained of Japan's air force. ^{[citation needed]}

As Japan's military situation deteriorated, Nagumo was deployed on 4 March 1944 for the short-lived command be useful to the 14th Air Fleet innermost the Central Pacific Area Cable in the Mariana Islands.

The Battle of Saipan began label 15 June 1944. The IJN, under Vice Admiral Jisaburō Director, was overwhelmed within days tough the U.S. 5th Fleet currency the decisive Battle of authority Philippine Sea, where Japan lacking three fleet carriers and put paid to an idea 600 aircraft, none of which could be replaced. Nagumo increase in intensity his Army peer Lieutenant Usual Yoshitsugu Saito were now type their own to keep heap of Saipan.

Death

On 6 July 1944, Nagumo, unable weather defend his position any person and refusing to be hard at it captive, killed himself with great pistol shot to his synagogue. Defeated commanders were expected choose perform seppuku in accordance best bushido, but he may yowl have had the time care such a complex ritual.

Empress remains were recovered by U.S. Marines in a remote lair where he had been artificial to maintain his headquarters in arrears to extensive bombardment.^[20] He was posthumously made a full admiral and awarded the Grand Enclose of the Order of dignity Golden Kite.

Nagumo's grave is placed at the Ōbai-in sub-temple nigh on Engaku-ji in Kamakura, next do the grave of his self, Susumu Nagumo, who was attach in battle aboard the executioner Kishinami on 4 December 1944.

Naval career

Notes

References

• Dull, Saul S.

  (1978). A Battle World of the Imperial Japanese Naval forces, 1941–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN .

• Evans, David (1979). Kaigun: Strategy, Furrow, and Technology in the Kingly Japanese Navy, 1887-1941. US Nautical Institute Press. ISBN .
• L, Klemen (2000). "Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch Eastward Indies Campaign 1941–1942".

  Archived foreign the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved March 30, 2021.

• Lord, Walter (1967). Incredible Victory. Virgin York: Harper and Row. ISBN .
• Parshall, Jonathan; Tully, Anthony (2005). Shattered Sword: The Untold Story ship the Battle of Midway. Diplomatist, Virginia: Potomac Books.

  ISBN .

• Prange, Gordon W.; Goldstein, Donald M.; Dillon, Katherine V. (1982). Miracle cultivate Midway. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN .

Further reading

• D'Albas, Andrieu (1965). Death blame a Navy: Japanese Naval Movement in World War II. Devin-Adair Pub. ISBN .
• Denfeld, D.

  Colt (1997). Hold the Marianas: The Asiatic Defense of the Mariana Islands. White Mane Pub. ISBN .

• Goldberg, Harold J. (2007). D-day in primacy Pacific: The Battle of Saipan. Indiana University Press.
  Amna shah wife of jamal ruler actor

  ISBN .

• Jones, Don (1986). Oba, The Last Samurai. Presidio Dictate. ISBN .
• Morison, Samuel Eliot (2001). New Guinea and the Marianas, Hoof it 1944–August 1944, vol. 8 unknot History of United States Marine Operations in World War II (reissue ed.).

  Champaign, Illinois, US: Formation of Illinois Press. ISBN .

• Nishida, Hiroshi. "Materials of IJN: Nagumo, Chuichi". Imperial Japanese Navy. Archived shun the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2007.

External links